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Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
The patient HL is suffering from an unknown illness, the symptoms of which resemble GI and hepatobiliary disorders; however, upon obtaining information about the patients personal medical history, it becomes clear that the underlying cause of the symptoms might be more complex than first realized: the patient is a drug abuseror at least has a history of drug abuse (and it is unclear at this time whether the patient is abusing drugs again or not). The patient is also possibly suffering from Hepatitis C. As there is no clear indication of the cause of the patients nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, the first step is to try to stabilize the patient by ensuring the bodys fluids are at a sufficient level. The next step would be to conduct an investigation that goes more in depth to determine the nature of the patients problems. That will require asking the patient questions about drug use and personal history.
Hepatitis C, if present in the patient, could be determined as a cause through an inspection of the blood for the viral agent that causes this infection. However, the patient is also taking a number of prescription drugs, such as Synthroid, Nifedipine, and Prednisone, all of which could be having side effects on the patients...…for example, that the primary roles of endogenous ghrelin and motilin in the digestive system are to increase appetite or hedonic eating (ghrelin) and initiate phase III of gastric migrating myoelectric complexes (motilin), which is why these receptors have been identified for study: Ghrelin and motilin also both inhibit nausea. In clinical trials, the motilin receptor agonist camicinal increased gastric emptying, but at lower doses reduced gastroparesis symptoms and improved appetite (Sanger & Furness, 2016, p. 38). For that reason relamorelin, a ghrelin agonist, could be an option for treating this particular patient with this diagnosis. However, the drug therapy would have to be checked to see if it has any issues…
References
Kiriyama, A., Honbo, A., Nishimura, A., Shibata, N., & Iga, K. (2016). Pharmacokinetic-
pharmacodynamic analyses of antihypertensive drugs, nifedipine and propranolol, in spontaneously hypertensive rats to investigate characteristics of effect and side effects. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 76, 21-29.
Sanger, G. J., & Furness, J. B. (2016). Ghrelin and motilin receptors as drug targets for
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Patient and family education is essential especially with regards to eating habits. The patients should avoid excess fat in their diet as it contributes to high chances of contracting the disease (Bolen et al. 2010). The drug has, however, remained on the market in the U.S. The drug has been removed from European markets due to escalating concerns regarding safety. Obesity has considerable contribution to the number of preventable deaths
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There can also be changes to the ways in which the body defends itself against these acidic secretions; increased acid exposure can seriously damage or even destroy portions which are given undo exposure. For example, in some patients, the stomach is unable to defend itself from the caustic nature of the acid, which creates lesions in the lining, called gastric ulcers. How Age Might Impact the Pathophysiology of GERD, PUD,
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Epidemiology Liegl-Atzwanger, Fletcher and Fletcher (2010) pointed out that the exact incidences of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the United States and Europe is not easy to determine. This is attributed to the fact that GISTs got proper recognition as well as diagnosis from the late 1990s.Studies carried out in Iceland ( Tryggvason et al.,2005), Sweden (Nilsson et al.,2005), as well as Holland (Goettsch,2004) have indicated that close to 11,14.5 and 12.7