Gender in Romeo and Juliet Judith Lorber, author of "Night to his Day: The Social Construction of Gender" asserts that gender is not biologically determined, but is a construct of society. This would indicate that the process of socialization is a prime determinant in the development of gender. In other words, how a child is raised will determine his or her gender-based behavior. With this theory in mind, it is interesting to examine traditional gender roles in literature; to examine how literature of the past treated the traditional roles of male and female. William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is one of the most famous works of literature in Western culture. It was written around the end of the 1500's, at a time when actors were exclusively male, and therefore all the women's roles would have been played by men. This alone would be enough to base a discussion on the traditional gender roles in society, but a more intensive look into the play will shed even more light on the role of the depiction of gender at that time. With Lorber's theory that gender is a product of socialization, the role of gender in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet will be discussed.

The esteemed sociologist Judith Lorber claims that "gender cannot be equated with biological and physiological differences between human females and males. The building blocks of gender are socially constructed statuses." (Lorber 17) It is society that defines gender, and the behavior associated with it, and in Western society there are two genders: male and female. How individuals that are male and female behave is a learned process called socialization, which begins in childhood and develops fully as one reaches adulthood. It is society that both expects and defines what gender is, and once it has been ascribed, "the social order constructs and holds...

While some cultures blur the distinction between male and female, Western culture has created a tradition of only the two genders. This tradition has been a strongly held belief and attempts to cross the traditional boundaries have been vigorously opposed. Western culture strictly enforces the traditional genders roles that have been developed in order to create a clear and well defined separation between the two genders. One way to investigate the traditional roles of gender in society is to study the literature of that society, and Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet provides a good example of the traditional roles of gender in Western literature, as well as a few surprises.
The traditional role of gender, as it was perceived during the Renaissance era, is best exemplified by a quote from Sampson, one of the Capulet's servants, when he stated "And therefore women, being the weaker vessels, are ever thrust to the wall; therefore I will push Montague's men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall." (I, i, 16-20) Men were strong and brave while women were considered to be weak and existed only for male sexual gratification. Shortly thereafter, Sampson again displays the traditional gender role of a male, masculinity, by challenging one of the Capulet's stating "Draw, if you be men." (I, i, 64) Men were traditionally strong, courageous, sexually promiscuous, and masculine. Men were also expected to be able to withstand pain and hardship. After Mercutio is fatally injured and lay dying, Romeo demonstrated this trait of masculinity by telling his dying friend, "courage man, the hurt cannot…