China\'s Cultures and Politics Affect

¶ … China's Cultures and Politics affect one Another, and Ultimately Affect Social change

Lau, V.P., Shaffer M. A & Au, K. (2007). Entrepreneurial career success from a Chinese

perspective: conceptualization, operationalization, and validation. Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 38, issue 1

The article advances about the social changes that have taken place in the entrepreneurial career fields. Lau, Shaffer, and Au as authors of the article advance a research aimed at conceptualizing and validating career success, from the perspective of the Chinese people. The research involves analyzing the business cultures of the Chinese. The research involved analyzing the values of Hong Kong entrepreneurs, Shanghai entrepreneurs and their employees. The findings from the study indicated that Chinese business culture is oriented in building the society. This is evidenced by the input of the Chinese people in business across the continents such as Africa, Europe, and America. The main finding was that Chinese cultures have played a significant role in developing societies, where the Chinese have invested.

Friedman, R., Chi, S. & Liu, L.A. (2006). An Expectancy Model of Chinese-American

Differences in Conflict-Avoiding. Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 37,

no. 1, pp. 76-91.

Friedman, Chi, and Liu wrote the article trying to compare the Chinese culture with the American culture. In this regard, they made attempts intended to establish the Chinese-American cultural differences. They put their emphasis on how the two cultures handle conflicts. This study involved carrying out tests by making observations and questioning respondents in Taiwan and the United States. The responses collected from Taiwan, and the United States were then analyzed to come up with the findings. In addition, the article also looked at the culture transition among the Chinese and Americans and depicted the findings.

The findings of their research as captured in the article reveals that Chinese cultures, have been designed in such a way as to avoid conflict. The Chinese were found to have a tendency to avoid conflict. This was reached at after considering the Chinese culture expectation that conflict will hurt the relationship that they have maintained with the other party. The other finding was that the Chinese are more sensitive to hierarchy, as compared to the Americans. This affects how the Chinese people relate with others at the work place, and especially those working in places with a different cultural orientation. The authors, however, emphasize that the Chinese culture has affected the speed of cultural change in other countries, where they work.

Haddad, J. (2006). "To Inculcate Respect for the Chinese." Berthold Laufer, Franz Boas,

and the Chinese Exhibits at the American Museum of Natural History, 1899-1912.

Anthropos, vol. 101, H. 1. pp. 123-144.

The article examines the Chinese culture, and its implications on the actions that China took in the past. The author provides insight on Chinese culture and its impacts on the country's stand. In this case, the article argues that Chinese culture has been oriented towards societal development. The author has also argued that Chinese culture disapproved the theory of cultural evolution, which has been accepted by many societies. The article looks at the contentious nature of anthropology in the 1990s, where China feared that modernizing forces would destroy its traditions and values. However, with time the Chinese people in China have influenced social change by developing technologies that have affected people's culture. As much as the Chinese back at home have maintained their culture, the technological developments that take place in China have influenced the global culture in various ways. China is one of the countries that have been on the forefront in developing newer technologies, which have challenged its own traditional cultures whilst influencing the culture of the western world.

Pearce, R. (2006). Effects of Cultural and Social Structural Factors on the Achievement of White, and Chinese-American Students at School Transition Points. American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 75-101.

Pearce (2006) advances that Chinese people in the United States, have achieved high levels of educational achievement. He argues that the unique culture of the Chinese elites in America, has given them an excellent reputation as a 'model minority'. This is because Chinese culture has taught the learners the value of resilience and persistence to task. The Chinese learners are identified, by their strong ability to whether school transitions and perform highly. This culture has given them recognition, and affected their American counterparts, by challenging their ability to undertake their studies.