HRM
Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Workplace Behaviors
Employee performance can be highly variable, even those with the same set skills may provide employers with different levels of contribution/productivity based on personal characteristics and attitude. The sunny side of employee behavior, which relates to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), can be very beneficial for employers (Landy & Conte, 2013). However, while there are employees with positive behavioral traits, there may also be employees that have negative behavioral traits, which are referred to by Landy and Conte (2013), as the "dark side" of the performance continuing, undertaking counter-productive workplace behaviors (CWB). The aim of this paper is to explain both of these types of behavior patterns, and give some examples that have been observed in the real world.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior
OCB is a general...
The second requirement is that the behavior does not incorporate tasks which are included as part of the job, and therefore an employer could not force the employee to undertake those tasks (Organ, 1988). Lastly, when the OC be is being undertaken, it will be…
Some unions and their federations, however, presently have notable welfare programs, including human services. As of 2007, there were more than 10 million union members in Japan, and the organizational rate was 18.1%. The members were two thirds the number but 1.5 times the rate of those in the United States. Japanese union's mission is to be "maintaining and improving the conditions of work and raising the economic status