Immunization of Vaccine Hepatitis B Vaccine

Immunization
Vaccine # 1
Name of Vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine
Trade Name
RotaTeq®
Type of vaccination
Attenuated
Contraindications
· The previous dose of the Rotavirus vaccine was suspected of having a life-threatening allergic reaction.
· Any component of the rotavirus vaccine was suspected of having a severe allergic effect.
· Rotavirus vaccine was suspected of having Severe immunodeficiency (SCID).
Precautions
Anyone taking the Rotavirus vaccine should take several precautions, which include: pre-existing acute gastrointestinal conditions such as short gut syndrome or Hirschsprung’s disease and congenital malabsorption syndrome. Another precaution to take is
chronic gastroenteritis. (Salvadori & Saux, 2010).
Adverse Drug Reactions
Some of the reactions that might be triggered by the vaccine include swelling on both throat and face, increased heartbeat, drowsiness, and breathing complications (CDC, 2019).
Minimum Age to Receive Vaccine
All Rotavirus vaccine doses should be given to children between 15 weeks and 8 months. (CDC, 2019).
Routine Recommended Vaccine Schedule
The dose should be initiated to children at 2nd ,4th, and 6th months.
Minimum Interval Between Doses
The recommended spacing is four weeks.
Special Situations
For children who are over 15 weeks, Rotavirus vaccination is not necessary. For children who had begun the process of getting the vaccine but never got the full dose, the process should begin afresh. This is only for children under 8months, and they received the previous doses outside the United States. In situations where the administered dose is unknown or live, I completion plan should be put in place to ensure the three doses are administered (CDC, 2019).
Vaccine # 2
Name of Vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine
Trade Name
Recombivax HB
Type of vaccination
Conjugate
Contraindications
· Previous doses of hepatitis B vaccine were suspected of causing allergic reactions
· Exposing the hepatitis B vaccine to yeast caused an allergic reaction.
· Exposing the hepatitis B vaccine to neomycin caused allergic reactions (contraindication for Twinrix) (CDC, 2020).
Precautions
Hepatitis B vaccine may cause anaphylaxis, which is a serious type of allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. All measures should be put in place since Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition, and it should be handled as an emergency. Some of the conditions that may signal this condition include difficulty breathing, rash, swelling of tongue and throat, and itching (Mayo Clinic, 2020).
Adverse Drug Reactions
Allergic reactions cause hepatitis B vaccine are manageable, but severe cases should be handled as an emergency. Some of the symptoms that should signal a severe case include hives, breathing complications, swelling of both throat and face, abnormal heartbeats, and drowsiness. (CDC, 2020).
Minimum Age to Receive Vaccine
Six weeks
Routine Recommended Vaccine Schedule
hepatitis B vaccine should be administered on birth, after 1,2,4 and 6 months
Minimum Interval Between Doses
The minimum duration of 4 weeks
Special Situations
Individuals with no history of hepatitis B vaccination should have an age-appropriate dose. Other categories of people who fall under this special category are exposed to hepatitis B risk, such as sexually exposed people. People suspected of having mucosal exposures should fall under the same category (CDC, 2019).
Barriers and Interventions
Reason for Vaccine Non-Compliance or Vaccine Hesitancy by Parents
The use of vaccines is the best way to control infectious diseases. Many people have understood the importance of immunization, but some have remained hesitant over the years. Fear of side effects caused by this vaccine is one major reason behind this hesitation by parents. (Sjogren, Ask, Ortqvist & Asp, 2017). Other parents have become ignorant, and to them, the chances of their children being affected are very low.
Intervention that Nurse Practitioners Can Take to Improve Vaccination Compliance
Creating awareness through education programs is the best and the most effective way to improve immunization compliance. The program should encourage family members to spread the information on the importance of vaccination, helping the parents understand the importance of seeking pediatrician services to immunize their children, and emphasizing the importance of having vaccines on the recommended dates. Putting this information on a government website and sharing the URLs with the parents is a great way to create awareness.
(Otsuka-Onu, Hori, Ohta, Uemura & Kamibeppu, 2019).
Healthcare Providers Required by Law to Report an Adverse Event
VAERS is a system that simplifies the reporting system. Through the platform, anyone can report an occurrence. It does not limit the person who does the reporting. It can be health workers, patients, or even parents
VAERS:
· Adverse events are included in the Reportable Events following the schedule provided in VAERS.
· An adverse event pointed out by vaccine developers and the attached contradictions (VAERS, 2020).
Adverse Events that Healthcare Providers Are Encouraged to Report
Healthcare officials are required to report to VAERS:
· Cases suspected to be as a result of administered. For this to apply, the vaccine should be licensed in the United |States
· The error that occurred while administering the vaccine (VAERS, 2020).
How Would A Healthcare Provider Report an Adverse Event?
VAERs provides two options to submit a report:
· Option 1: VAERS provides an online platform to Submit an external report icon (Preferred)
The online submission process must be completed in a single sitting.
· VAERs automatically clear the history after 20 minutes of inactivity.
· Note: sessions will time-out after 20 minutes of inactivity; no information is saved.
· Option 2: A writable PDF file is downloaded from the VAERS system, and you can fill it electronically. Ready forms should be uploaded back to the website using the instructions available on the platform. (CDC, 2020).
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Routine vaccine recommendations. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/rotavirus/hcp/recommendations.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Special situations. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/
Mayo Clinic. (2020). Hepatitis B vaccine (Intramuscular route). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/
Otsuka-Ono, H., Hori, N., Ohta, H., Uemura, Y., & Kamibeppu, K. (2019). A childhood immunization education program for parents delivered during late pregnancy and one-month postpartum: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research, 19. Retrieved from https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-019-4622-z
Rogers, K. (2019). Immunization noncompliance: Gauging the cause, effect, and management in the school setting. NASN School Nurse, 34(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X18799868
Salvadori, M., & Saux, N. (2010). Recommendations for the use of rotavirus vaccines in infants. Paediatr Child Health, 15(8), 519-523. DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.8.519.
Sjogren, E., Ask, L., Ortqvist, A., & Asp, M. (2017). Parental conceptions of the rotavirus vaccine during implementation in Stockholm: A phenomenographic study. Journal of Child Health Care, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493517734390
VAERS. (2020). Report an adverse event to VAERS. Retrieved from https://vaers.hhs.gov/