Population and Life Expectancy

Abstract

Isabell Clerk writes about the anthropological study of India using a collection that is neither a primary review of various topics addressed over the years nor a survey of contemporary work. Instead, she uses a timely investigation of rapid changes within Indian society. She shows the various information collected on population, referred to as caste, and is a prerequisite composition of factors affecting Indias demographic growth. This book explores how such far-reaching economic and social changes in contemporary India affect caste (population), class, and gender. This particular volume provides a valuable framework for discussion of the relevant topics and within the complexity range of recently published research on the anthropologies of the Indian subcontinent in the era of globalization. The book is also an essential summary of libraries supporting graduate and undergraduate programs inclined towards anthropology. Moreover, she shows why the socioeconomic status of India has persisted in its low life expectancy rate and later suggests how the repulsive change has come about up to 69 years increment.

Methodology

The writer intends to look at the books first chapter, which majors on Caste and Class in Liberal India, which begins from page 23 and hence focuses on population and life expectancy. Through this chapter, the research intends to understand and relate how the two variables are related and the dependable variants of this topic. It is the only point of reference and thus a detailed summary or instead write up about the demography for an anthropologist on population, castes, and classes by Christophe Z. Guilmoto. Additionally, it looks at the work of Robert Deliege, which emphasizes caste, class, and untouchability concerning population and life expectancy as well as income per capita, and level of education. It continues to suggest future recommendations from the work of Craig Jeffrey about great expectations in youth in contemporary India, which has been discussed as the hopeful generation that will live to outdo the initial ancestors and forefathers. A further summary on the caste and collective memory in South India from their medical database to back up the research content and confirm that the low caste has more faith in their beliefs and cultural practices than education and medical assistance, hence a high mortality rate.

Position on the Topic

My position on the selected topic is that India, a third-world country, should borrow a lot from the western community to improve their standard of life and even boost their life expectancy rate. The indigenous practices cannot stand up to the quality of life people currently live in this modern world, and hence they should rely more on education. Instead, they suffered high mortality for an extended period due to ignorance and illiteracy, leading to poverty. Unfortunately, in the contemporary world where everyone is educated, there has now evolved a new problem which is lack of employment. This drives the graduate to desperate moves such as involvement in politics and traditional cultures. Sadly, these activities will never develop and will continue to suffer high mortality, incredibly the less privileged from the ghettos who have poor hygiene and barely enough to eat. Nonetheless, there is hope for increased life expectancy and reduced mortality because more reproductive measures have been used to curb child-birth deaths and promote reproduction.

Population, Socioeconomic Factors and Life Expectancy in India

Introduction

Life expectancy in India, according to a World Health Organization study in 2021, shows that overall life expectancy in India currently is at 70-80 years and, to be precise, 69.66 years. Although a healthy lifestyle leads to a high age, the average expectancy is 60.3 years, hence a common trend in other countries. Regardless there has been an increase in life expectancy across the globe. The results nonetheless report that life expectancy at birth is allegedly affected by population health and socioeconomic development (mean years of schooling and gross national income per capita) and health factors in the country. In simpler terms, when the population health and socioeconomic development get better, the infant mortality rate decreases. Moreover, the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and...…with improved sanitation, housing conditions, and education among older members of society.

Nonetheless, socioeconomic and demographic factors have affected life expectancy primarily within communities, regions, individuals, or countries at large. Developed countries, however, provide evidence on social inequalities in health, and therefore reports from India examine caste association with health outcomes, considering it is a marker of socioeconomic status. Regardless, reports from Indias local news found that the upper caste group was more likely to use health facilities and be in the know than the lower. The database elaborates this on immunization, maternal care, medical treatments, and general health status. While the lower caste is so spiritual and uneducated with poor living standards and barely living from hand to mouth, they do not have the wits to seek all these medical care unless they are free natal and health check-ups (Clark-Decs, 2011). Based on Mumbai cancer registry data, Kurkure and Yeole areas reported cancer survival versus mortality results from occupation and education levels. Hence, to reduce this gap, the less privileged should be educated on the importance of health assistance compred to cultural practices and beliefs.

Conclusion

Indias life expectancy has recently gone up until the eruption of COVID-19 in early 2021, which consumed a lot of lives, especially the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions. Socioeconomic and demographic factors are the main reason for the rise of life expectancy rate to 69 years. It was established that those from a high caste are likely to live longer than those from a lower caste due to education, wealth, and other factors. However, the government seeks to conduct a census to identify which areas need support and education to increase the life expectancy of natives and reduce child-birth mortality. Moreover, Clerk Deces, in her review, suggested the importance of socioeconomic and demographic factors in improving life expectancy in the third world and developing countries such as India. Moreover, she shows why data on these vulnerable could not be collected previously because of the racist and decentralized means of data collection…