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¶ … infertile couples turn to in vitro fertilization to try to have a baby. In this technique, sperm and egg are collected and used to create eight-cell embryos for implantation into a woman's uterus. At the eight cell stage, one of the fetal cells can be removed without causing harm to the developing fetus. Once removed, the cell can be genetically tested. Some couples may know that a particular genetic disease runs in their family. They might wish to avoid implanting embryos with the disease-causing genes. What if couple wanted to use genetic testing to select embryos for traits unrelated to disease, such as freckles or may be to select a gender. Do you think that couples undergoing in vitro fertilization should be allowed to perform whatever genetic tests they wish? Or do you think that there should be limits on what tests can be performed?
I strongly believe that there should be limits placed on the types of genetic tests that parents can perform on developing fetuses conceived through in vitro fertilization. Several substantive considerations influence my position, including these: Historically, human beings have not shown themselves to be good of genetic testing, nor have they demonstrated the capacity to consider the far-reaching implications of their decisions related to genetic testing. Selecting developing fetuses for implantation based on the probability of particular...
One has only to look at the history of childbearing and infanticide in China, say, or any number of unenlightened developing countries to see how easily and how badly this type of practice can support very wrong attitudes toward children and women.
I absolutely do believe that prospective parents should have the right to authorize tests that can illuminate the presence of genetic markers for disease or disability, and then forbid implantation of developing fetuses that do not prove to be clear of genetically associated disease or disability. Under the normal processes of fertilization and conception, the female reproductive organs may function so as to curtail full gestation of fetuses that have genetic flaws such as birth defects. Sophisticated techniques for supporting conception may interfere with some of those normal processes. Still, the fact remains that there are tremendous emotional and economic costs associated with giving birth to babies who have disabilities or are exceedingly likely to develop particular diseases in their growing up years. It does seem fair for parents to make this type of heart-wrenching decision in -- as much as…
References
Brezina, P.R., Ross, R., Kaufmann, R., Anchan, R., Zhao, Y., & Kearns, W.G. (2013, September). Genetic normalization of differentiating aneuploid cleavage stage embryos. Fertility and Sterility, 100(3), S69. Retreived from http://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282%2813%2902675-7/abstract
Feldman, H.S., Jones, K.L., Lindsay, S., Slymen, D., Klonoff-Cohen, H., Kao. K., Rao, S., & Chambers, C.D. (2012). Prenatal alcohol exposure patterns and alcohol-related birth defects and growth deficiencies: A prospective study. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 36(4), 670-6.
Korf, B.R. (2011). Principles of genetics. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D. (Eds.) Cecil Medicine (24th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier:chap 39.
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