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¶ … innately superior: rather some methodologies may be more appropriate to certain types of research questions than others. The quantitative approach is fundamentally deductive, often using the scientific method of posing a specific hypothesis, amassing a large amount of data in which there are experimental and control groups, and then reaching a conclusion based upon controlling the variables involved in the study. In contrast, qualitative research is inductive and reaches conclusions based upon observed, specific evidence. There is no hypothesis to test. Rather than attempt to limit the variables that could affect the final results, usually the population under study is limited instead to allow for increased scrutiny. The variables under study may change.
Quantitative research is usually numerical in design and is based in statistical analysis. Although it may use questionnaires, qualitative research is based upon interviews and observations....
Often these observations are participatory in nature, as the researcher becomes involved in the process of the study. Thus, qualitative research is openly subjective in a manner that quantitative research is not. For example, a quantitative study might seek to determine if girls' performance on the math section of the SAT was enhanced by being in a single-gender math classroom. The test scores of a group of girls in single-gender math classrooms would be compared with girls in mixed-gender math classrooms. Other variables such as socio-economic status, race, previous exposure to the concepts, and innate ability would need to be controlled for, to ensure that the only different variable between the two groups was the nature of their education. In contrast, a qualitative study might engage in participant observation of a single-sex math classroom of girls to examine how this experience affected their perceptions of themselves as competent in academics,…
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The following will provide a comparison of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. In the exploration of qualitative research the following characteristics are observed relating to the use of theory. The use of theory varies within qualitative designs (Creswell, 2009). In certain qualitative studies the researcher will generate a theory as the product of their research (Creswell, 2009). Qualitative studies also utilize theory as a lens in which to view a question (Creswell, 2009).When using theory as a lens, these views shape the research question, how data is collected, and provide structure for the summarized need for change (Creswell, 2009). The third way theory is utilized within qualitative research is through the use of an inductive process (Creswell, 2009). This process involves broad themes being gathered and then the researcher developing patterns through examination of collected data. Once these patterns are established the researcher compares findings with existing literature (Creswell, 2009). Overall, in qualitative research, theory can be used as an attempt to explain attitudes and behaviors while it also has the ability to possess variables and hypothesis (Creswell, 2009).
In contrast, quantitative research attempts to test theories in an attempt to answer questions (Creswell, 2009). Historical precedent exists within quantitative research which dictates the definition of a theory as a scientific explanation (Creswell, 2009). Under this definition, a theory examines an interrelated set of variables which are formed into a hypothesis in an attempt to determine a relationship
Full creativity allows the production of greater wealth, for a stronger and more evolved society. Further in defense of the moral systems or perceived lack thereof in terms of newly created wealth, D'Souza asserts that most wealth currently created is the result of personal effort, rather than means such as inheritance. The wealth can then indeed be seen as the reward for effort, rather than wealth as a result of
As activists in women's liberation, discussing and analyzing the oppression and inequalities they experienced as women, they felt it imperative to find out about the lives of their foremothers -- and found very little scholarship in print" (Women's history, 2012, para. 3). This dearth of scholarly is due in large part to the events and themes that are the focus of the historical record. In this regard, "History was
Pedagogic Model for Teaching of Technology to Special Education Students Almost thirty years ago, the American federal government passed an act mandating the availability of a free and appropriate public education for all handicapped children. In 1990, this act was updated and reformed as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which itself was reformed in 1997. At each step, the goal was to make education more equitable and more accessible to
Motivation in Sport Take a look at the animal world and you will find the proof that game is an inherent feature of the virtually evaluated species. This has an important part in literacy and evolution. We witness many a mock fights between kittens and pups so as to enhance their stamina, speed, tolerance and will. Through such hatred free games, they rub their hands for survival and satisfy their urge
Capital punishment: Is it a deterrent to Cop Killings? Capital punishment is the imposition of death penalty on persons condemned of a crime. (Americana, 596) Killing condemned criminals has been one of the most extensively practiced types of criminal punishment in the United States. Capital punishment has been enforced as a punishment for brutal offenses from the initial stages of documented history. The first evidence of death penalty in the United
1. Introduction The modern 21st century has posed new challenges for the organizations to survive and grow (Smith et al. 2010). As they are operated and managed by human beings, the challenges are ultimately faced by the individuals who are responsible for making decisions and implementing them (Nieuwenhuizen, Weiss and Rossouw, 2009). As challenges are multifaceted, and human lives are divided into various aspects, it is difficult to excel in every