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According to Gottman, these theories failed married couples because "it is not based on solid empirical knowledge of what is actually predictive of marital dissolution," (Gottman 1999: 6). Bringing in his aspects of systematic observation as the base for further scientific analysis of marital problems, Gottman understood the need to track and analyze behavior patterns and sequences which actually lead to the end of the relationship, "The aim is to define beforehand various forms of behavior -- behavioral codes -- and then ask observers to record whenever behavior corresponding to the predefined codes occur," (Bakeman & Gottman 1997: 3). Through frequency of behaviors, a scientific approach to marriage theory can be born within a more open and observational environment.
One such observational perspective is that of music integration into marriage therapy. Music therapy has been used in a wide variety of genres and is represented as "the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional," American Music Therapy Association 1999). One study recently integrating music into such therapy was conducted under the heavy stress of couples dealing with one partner being hospitalized, (Hinman 2005). Analyzing the effect musical therapy had in dealing with such stress showed that "music therapy became a way to facilitate communication and understanding," (Hinman 2005: 38). According to another prominent advocate of music therapy within a more normal context of a marital environment was Don Campbell. Campbell proposed that music can convey a number of messages and feelings that simple talking cannot. Such messages can include negatively associated sounds and feelings, perception changes, and romantic feelings towards the other partner, (Campbell 1997). Along with conveying messages, music can have a physical impact on individuals when used in therapy.
Music can help slow down brain functions and help calm stress. It can also help boost involvement and relaxation within counseling sessions (Campbell 1997).
The future of marriage counseling as integrating musical...
It presents a scientifically-based practice which is also heavy in alternative qualitative methodologies. Music has long soothed the soul of individuals; why not apply the same practice to similar stress exhibited by two individuals?
References
American Music Therapy Association. (1999). "Frequently asked questions about music therapy." American Music Therapy. Retrieved 18 Mar 2009 at http://www.musictherapy.org/faqs.html#WHAT_IS_MUSIC_THERAPY
Alleyne, Richard. (2009). Marital stress increases heart disease among women but not men. Telegraph. Retrieved 18 Mar 2009 at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/4938486/Marital-stress-increases-heart-disease-among-women-but-not-men.html.
Bakeman, Roger & Gottman, John Mordechai. (1997). Observing interaction: an introduction to sequential analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Beattie, Gregory S. (2005). Social causes of depression. Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved 18 Mar 2009 at http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/beattie.html.
Hinman, Meghan L. (2005). "Oursong': music therapy with couples when one partner is medically hospitalized. Drexel University. Retrieved 18 Mar 2009 at http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/bitstream/1860/455/1/thesis%5B1%5D.pdf.
Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice. (2003). Marital stress: immunological, endocrinological, & health consequences. Ohio State University of Medicine. Retrieved 18 Mar 2009 at http://pni.psychiatry.ohio-state.edu/jkg/marital.html.
The Bible, he argued, cites the creation of Eve for Adam as proof that a wife is man's support, as well as many other examples of humble and devoted wives. The knight told his brother that he desired a young wife, who was no older than thirty, for she would be more pliable. Placebo cautioned that it takes great courage for an older man to marry a young woman (Classic
Family therapy believes that problems that the individuals evidence stem from the fact that problems occur within the family unit itself and that the family is divided into several component parts. To address these problems the therapist, as it were, therefore steps into the family unit, becomes "a part of it" and intervenes. His doing so not only enables him to see the family patterns from the inside; thereby understanding
These results have suggested that the blamer softening event has achieved its goal of creating more empathy, acceptance, and understanding in spouses. Furthermore, it has found to be significantly relevant in the complete treatment of outcomes couples face. Possible reactions/assumptions/counter transferential issues Researchers have offered many critics for the use of blamer softening in couples' therapy. Bradley and Furrow (2007) argue that the blamer softening may be unsuccessful at certain times.
). Domestic Violence at the Root This presents as the most important issue for family dissolution or divorce among low-income families (Haskins et al. 2005). Research conducted by Kathrun Edin and her team found that many poor mothers are willing to bear children even for men they consider unsuitable for marriage. Often, it is because these women believe they are in love with these men and that having children may improve these
Sociologists explain their condition through a culture-of-poverty theory or the theory of internal colonialism. Under the first theory, Appalachia families, for better or worse, simply cope with poverty. The second theory, on the other hand, ascribes poverty in Appalachia to structural causes. The theories offer insights but are both found to be quite deficient (Billings and Blee). The first theory on culture-on-poverty became popular in the 60s and drew its
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