Investigative Psychology

Psychology Analysis of the crime scene After Jeffrey Dahmer was sentenced, he was taken to the Correctional Institution of Columbia, located in Portage; a town in Wisconsin. During his first incarceration year, Dahmer was confined separately in order to keep him physically safe in case he interacted with other prisoners. With his consent, when the first solitary confinement year was over, Dahmer was taken to a unit that was less secure. Here, he was made to work for two hours each day; he used to clean the ablution block.

Apparently, Dahmer adapted well to life in prison, although he had at first been separated from the other inmates. He ultimately managed to convince the authorities to let him interact more with his fellow prisoners. Dahmer learnt religion from photos and books he received from his father. The Correctional Institution of Columbia even allowed him to go through baptism; it was done by a pastor from that area.

In 1994, November 28, with regard to his participation in routine work details, he was allocated to work together with two of his fellow convicted murderers, Christopher Scaver and Jesse Anderson. When the three were left to work, Scaver attacked Dahmer and Jesse. By the time the guards came back, he had ruthlessly beaten them using a piece of metal from the weight room of the prison. After around one hour, it was declared that Dahmer had died. Anderson also passed on after a few days.

Scaver used a 5lb piece of metal to attack Dahmer while in the gym. He hit Dahmer around his head, which led to his head crushing. Dahmer was found lying on the gym bathroom floor. He had suffered severe facial and head wounds. The injuries on his face and head had been caused by severe hitting using a piece of metal that was 51cm (20 inches) long. In addition, it was reported that Dahmer's head had been banged on the wall during the attack.

Scaver, Dahmer's murderer, said that other prisoners also disliked Dahmer. He always had one guard escorting him to prevent him from being attacked by the inmates. The prison employees must have left Dahmer with Scaver on purpose for him to be killed, since they were aware that Scaver hated him (Biography.com Editors, 2016). Psychological profile Dahmer's traits qualified him as a mixed type of serial killer. He was intelligent, he organized his crimes, he was sexually and socially inept, he used to live alone and he attacked strangers.

Paraphilia-A problem whose symptoms include strange sexual desires, usually involving dangerous or extreme activities. Cannibalism- Paraphilic cannibalism is the sexual pleasure that the paraphile gets from the intake of human flesh. Colleagues claimed that Dahmer's lunch used to be meat which had "my special gravy'."He would never allow them to taste it. In Dahmer's freezer, there was chopped human meat, which he shaped in form of patties. He claimed that eating human beings was meant for them to stay with him all his life.

This was the same reason why he kept their skulls as well as masturbate before them. Necrophilia- this is a sexual desire for dead body parts or dead people. The desire for corpses developed when Dahmer was an adolescent. This was also when he began a new lifetime obsession. He started compulsive masturbation. At times, this took place at the same time as dissections of carcusses. He was sexually aroused by the heat that came from the body he dissected.

Dahmer nonetheless, was not sexually sadistic; he did not find pleasure in seeing others in pain or terrified. Pedophilia- sexual desires towards children. On several occasions, Dahmer was apprehended for molesting children or expressing his desire to them. All the adults he assaulted were boyish and young. It is not clear if Dahmer had been molested by his teenage neighbor while he was a child. This is because it is a common story for many pedophiles. Substance addiction- For a long time, Dahmer had been an instrumental alcohol user.

He was despicably discharged for abuse of alcohol. Substance or alcohol abuse is at times secondary to paraphilia. It disinhibits the victim and enables them to do things he may be willing to do, but unable when sober. Depression- Often, paraphilias are found to have symptoms of depression. These symptoms may be concurrent with increasingly repetitive and intense occurrences of paraphilic actions. Before Dahmer was arrested, he informed his officer for probation that he had symptoms of depression. He also stated that he could kill himself for losing his employment.

Asperger's Disorder- Dahmer's father said that when Dahmer was still a little child, he could not maintain eye contact. His facial expressions were also wooden, and he would stiffly hold his body. In addition, Dahmer had a hard time interacting with his peers, and emotionally, he was distant. Dahmer said "I could not grasp the complexities of the social part of life. I could not explain why, when children were fond of me. I could not even come up with a plan to win children's affection.

I just had no idea how things with other human beings worked... And as hard as I tried, I could not make people look less unknowable and strange" Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)- When he was examined after being arrested for having molested a child aged 13, psychologists discovered that he was evasive, uncooperative, manipulative, lacking insight, unreceptive to change and angry. Dahmer explained to his P.O that his life had no purpose. This was a possible symptom of the kind of chronic emptiness that people with BPD have.

In addition, Dahmer's reason for fearing and hating abandonment was strongly justified. When he confessed, Dahmer stated that he murdered his victims in order to stop them from abandoning him. The violent tendencies, which he could only commit if he was drunk- do not qualify as instrumental aggression, just like anti-social people would do to control or intimidate. On the contrary, his violence was a desperate move to prevent him from being abandoned.

His identity disturbance, which is a possible BPD aspect, included his denial and inability to embrace his sexuality. Sleeping with dead people was probably also a way of denying his homosexual nature. Just as he put the blame on the children he assaulted, he expressed hatred on the adults he attacked; instead of self-hate. This is a common borderline defense. James Fox stated that Dahmer selected victims that with more flamboyant homosexual tendencies than his. Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified: On the checklist for psychopathy, Dahmer's rating was a 22.

This was above average, but below the minimum score; 30. He was assigned these disorders, accompanied with Antisocial, Schizotypical and Scizoid traits (autry318, 2016). WEEK 3 DISCUSSION 2 Skills necessary to conduct effective forensic psychological assessments Sageman (2003) states that three skills are necessary: insight of the issues of law to address, skills that are often needed by the legal system's demands and practical ability needed during litigation.

These skills help reinforce the overall strategy of the retaining advocate, giving the right audience the testimony, as well as adjourning to the fact finder's prerogative (Sageman, 2003). Forensic examiners try to help the investigator to interpret evidence or to determine a certain fact. They also give details that are most significant in the psycho-legal context. In testimonies and reports, forensic experts usually give information regarding the examinees' functional capacities, abilities, beliefs, and knowledge.

They also address their recommendations and opinions to the psycho-legal issues identified (American Bar Association and American Psychological Association, 2008; Heilbrun, Marczyk, Dematteo, & Mack-Allen, 2007). Forensic experts learn to anticipate the issues that may come up using clinical examination in some forensic settings. They are also encouraged to look into and qualify their testimony and opinions appropriately. While practicing in the field of forensic psychology, there may be conflicting demands and responsibilities.

In the event of conflict, forensic experts try to let the relevant agencies or parties be aware about it, as they try to resolve it. In case their duties are in conflict with regulations, legal bodies or the law, forensic experts commit themselves to EPPCC. They then begin to resolve the issue. Under circumstances where the law is in conflict with Guidelines or the EPPCC, the means and measures of conflict resolution initiative and prerogative lies with the EPPCC (EPPCC Standard 1.02).

If it is impossible for the conflict to be resolved in such a way, forensic experts may stick to what the regulations, law or any relevant legal body states. This applies to cases within normative and reasonable limits, and not to an extent where human rights may be infringed (EPPCC Standard 1.03). Forensic experts are also required to examine the suitability of compliance with orders by the court when such compliance may lead to contention with professional practice standards.

WEEK 4 DISCUSSION 1 Why a mono-cultural psychology could be limiting when attempting to deal with a more diverse population? Experts in mental health frequently come across client groups or clients of different ethnicity, culture, and race. In addition, the global view of a population that is culturally diverse may differ from that of the professional's. There may also be a difference in the view of the definitions of abnormality and normality, as well as what is known as therapy or helping from the traditionally educated mental health expert's.

Furthermore, the necessity for cultural competence while practicing mental health is highly urgent. Thus, a single-cultural psychology can deter culture-based mental treatments in consistence with the life experiences and cultural values of a certain group. It may prove to be better than conventional treatment (Council of National Psychological Associations for the Advancement of Ethnic Minority Interests, 2003). Obstacles that could potentially prevent or discourage an immigrant from seeking assistance from social services or mental health facilities? Immigrants face numerous obstacles to human and health services programs throughout the U.S.

The obstacles are put in different categories, including the method of administration of the programs, the immigrants' identity and view of the programs as well as the attitude towards them in various states or communities. Many obstacles come from the method of program administration locally and in states as well as the problems for applicants for immigration and caseworkers attempting to assist families. For immigrants earning low income, their literacy and language barriers can limit their access to human and health service programs.

In conclusion, practices and policies for immigration enforcements in the U.S. is becoming an obstacle for immigrants to access programs. Immigrants are widely afraid of interacting with authorities (Pereira, et al., 2012). Most diverse and challenging ethnic groups existing within the U.S. for those within the mental health community? The most difficult people to deal with are the Caucasians. Most of the major treatment measures address mainly White Americans. Culturally responsive measures of treatment for most White American individuals will entail assisting them in reliving their cultural roots.

They sometimes lose their background through acculturation. Associating with cultural roots can play an important role in their long-run recovery. WEEK 4 DISCUSSION 2 The utility of a multimodal approach to the treatment of family and intimate partner violence. This kind of therapy is holistic, comprehensive, and systematic. This method of counseling uses features from many theories towards analyzing, assessing, treating and understanding all the modalities of problems with human personality including IP. Multimodal therapy is included in the theory of social-cognition.

It takes up technical eclecticism, which uses techniques from several other therapeutic methods. Such methods are training in anxiety management, bibliotherapy, behavior rehearsal, communication training, biofeedback, modeling, positive reinforcement, positive imagery, modeling contingency contracting, sensate-focus training and self-instruction training (Aihie, 2009). What is meant by a multimodal approach to treatment? This therapy applies many treatment methods. It is also known as multimodal and combination therapy. Multimodal therapy often uses such methods as educational interventions, programs for behavior modification, psychological treatment, and medical treatment.

In addition, answer the query of how an open -- ended interview might be the best technique for use in the treatment of IPV The application of an interviewing approach that is flexible helps the therapist listen to the two parties' interpretation from their respective point-of-view. They use their own words, since open-ended questions are supposed to encourage people to use their words in explaining their interpretation (Dekel & Andipatin, 2016).

WEEK 5 DISCUSSION 1 Most of the experiences that ex-offenders go through when they go back to their societies can be predicted and mitigated. However, for a long time now, the standard method has involved allowing them to provide for themselves on their own. An important first step when separating the tangled issues that they go through is open recognition of their common problems. Creating a path that they can follow, having recognized their problems can come next.

Problems of geography and gender are also considered when coming up with strategies to deal with the difficulty of reentry issues that ex-offenders face when they return. As an initial measure for coordination, one may start by assessing the different contact points for the criminal between prison and home. Such assessments may suggest a duty of correction officials before the criminal's release.

Significant program coordination for the criminal means evaluating the needs of the criminal while they are in custody and giving details regarding programs they can join after release. For instance, at least, corrections officials may make sure that after a criminal is released, they are given enough state-issued identification. Services in healthcare, medical treatment placements as well as employment services must all be connected to communities from facilities.

Such consideration allows sex-offenders to have different maps to follow in order to prevent service disruptions and give them transitional support during reintegration (Thompson, 2004). WEEK 5 DISCUSSION 2 MSF is a community and family-oriented intervention. It demonstrates empirical support in reducing delinquent traits as well as out-of-home positioning among young people with critical clinical problems. Positive results from previous studies of efficacy were generally repeated by subsequent studies of effectiveness. They have gained support from independent assessments taken in distal societal sites.

However, this study has also shown the critical significance of fidelity in treatment if MSF succeeds. Therefore, everyone takes part in a rigorous assurance of quality and system of improvement to enhance youth outcomes and maintain program.