Limestone: properties, formation, and applications

Limestone

Sedimentary rocks that are made from the mineral calcite are called limestone. Calcite is found in the beds of evaporated seas and lakes. It also comes from sea animal shells such as clams, brachiopods, bryoza, crinoids and corals. Some limestone's can be nearly pure calcite, there is often a large amount or sand or silt that is included in the shelly debris.

Pure limestone is more or less white in color. The impurities that limestone contains such as clay, organic remains, sand, and few other materials make it white in color. Many novel limestones come in various colors especially on weathered surfaces. Limestone might be crystalline, clastic, granular, or huge; all in fact depends on the system of formation.

Limestone is most common in North America where it is used for architectural structures. Many landmarks across the world are made of limestone. This even includes the pyramids in Egypt. In Ontario, Canada so many buildings are constructed from it that is has been nicknamed the Limestone City. Limestone was most popular in the 19th and 20th centuries in the construction of banks and train stations.

Indiana is most notable for what is called Indiana limestone. This limestone comes from the Bloomington area and has been a source of high quality quarried limestone. Limestone is easy to cut into blocks or to make elaborate carvings. Limestone is very long lasting and stands up well to exposure. Limestone as well as marble is very reactive to acid solutions so acid rain is a major problem. Many limestone statues and building surfaces have suffered severe damage due to acid rain. Acid-based cleaning chemicals can also etch the limestone. Limestone should only be cleaned with a neutral or a mild alkaline-based cleaner.

Limestone is also used as a frontage on skyscrapers as a thin pate for covering the solid blocks. Limestone is also used in products such as quicklime and slated lime. It sis used for cement and mortar. Limestone can be pulverized and used as a soil conditioner to offset acid soil conditions. Limestone is also crushed and used as a base for roads. Amazingly enough limestone is also used for glass making.