¶ … literacy instruction?' Additionally this work seeks to understand how to scaffold the literacy development of children. This work will compare and explain the comprehensive literacy instruction and attempt to gain insights for improvement of teaching instruction in the classroom. The document entitled: "Balanced Literacy Background Knowledge" states that after years "of conflict between whole language and phonics advocates, a consensus about what works is emerging from the research: (1) children need explicit, systematic instruction in phonics and exposure to rich literature, both fiction and nonfiction; and (2) Children need instruction in phonics in early reading development, within a context of meaning, comprehension strategies, language development, and writing. (Early Literature Website, 2008) This work further relates that it has been demonstrated in reach that "skills taught, practiced, and tested in isolation are not used as consistently or effectively as skills taught when children are actually reading and writing." (Early Literature Website, 2008) Furthermore, it has been found that the development of the child's "interest and pleasure in reading must be as much a focus as developing their reading skills." (Early Literature Website, 2008) This work states that needed is a "balanced approach to reading instruction - an approach that combines the language and literature-rich activities associated with whole language activities" which are focused toward meaning enhancement and meaning making and one that conveys the "love of language with explicit teaching skills as needed to develop fluency associated with proficient readers." (Early Literature Website, 2008; citing Honig, 1996) Balanced literacy, according to the Instructional Strategies Online website is the incorporation of all "reading approaches realizing students need to use multiple strategies to become proficient readers." (Saskatoon Public Schools, 2008) the purpose of balanced literacy is to "cultivate the skills of reading, writing, thinking, speaking and listening for all students..." [and includes]: (1) Modeling Reading (reading aloud) and modeled writing; (2) Shared reading and shared writing; (3) Guided reading and guided writing; and (4) Independent reading and independent writing. (Saskatoon Public Schools, 2008) the work entitled: "Useful Instructional Strategies for Literature-Based Instruction" states that scaffolded instruction " is a concept that has grown out of research on how individuals learn..." And is a concept which has as its basis that "at the beginning of learning, students needs a great deal of support" and over time the support is removed in a gradual manner as the student become prepared to be more independent. Modeling is the process of assisting the students in the construction of meaning and assisting them in learning the necessary strategies and skills in the learning process and in meaning making with what has been learned. Cooperative learning is a strategy for instruction that has been found to be especially effective in literacy instruction and the students "learn to read, write, and think by having meaningful engagements with more experienced individuals." (Wells, 1990; as cited in Useful Instructional Strategies for Literature-Based Instruction, 1997) the Greece School District website 'Reading Strategies: Scaffolding Student's Interactions with Texts' document provides information concerning reading strategies that may be used along with a description and when during the instruction process that each of these strategies is most appropriately used. The Literacy, Information, and Technology in Education (LITE) website provides information relating to comprehensive literacy resources and provides many activities to inform the teaching practice concerning scaffolding of children's literacy instruction in the areas of oral language, phonics awareness, reading aloud, shared reading, word solving, and many more resources in this area.
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