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Chemistry and Physics
(a) When an electrode is placed in the chloroplast, the nanoelectrode will have more activity because the chloroplast is the power-making part of a cell, as they capture the light energy and conduct photosynthesis for the plant cell. The electrons are the ions that expended during the process of photosynthesis, and by monitoring these ions then the nanoelectrode will respond more, as evident by the graphs. Electrons some of the light energy gathered by chlorophyll and then is stored in the form of ATP, or adenosine triphosphate. The rest of the energy is used to removed electrons from the water. The electrons are then used in reactions which turn carbon dioxide into organic compounds- mostly commonly referred to as the Calvin Cycle.
(b) Protons are also used in photosynthesis, as these are necessary ions for the electron transport chain or ETS. H+ ions, or protons, need to be transported across the membrane so that there is a resulting electrochemical proton gradient. The protein gradient helps produce the ATP that is responsible for the mechanisms in the Calvin Cycle. In chloroplast, the light that is being absorbed in is the process...
In mitochondria, sometimes referred to as the power storage center, the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+, also requires the use of a proton.
(c) The data in Figure 3 shows that the mechanism is not the best to be measuring the photosynthetic activity of cells but measuring the amount of oxygen is valuable. Measuring the oxygen out is reasonable as oxygen is the byproduct of plant photosynthesis so b measuring the oxygen output then it would be a good indicator of how much photosynthesis is being done.
Question 3:
(a) (i)
(b) (i) The reaction is endothermic, since the change energy is negative.
(b)(ii) Sulfuric acid serves as the agent that breaks apart the glycerol.
(b) (iii) Cooling is required because the overall reaction is endothermic, meaning that it is trying to bring in heat energy from the outside to product the reaction. By keeping the external environment at a cool temperature, it would inhibit the action from being completed or slow…
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