Margaret Sanger Founder of the American birth control movement, Margaret Sanger is one of the most influential, and respected, women in American history. Her crusade for birth control and family planning, at a time when she faced strong social, political, and religious opposition, created change and controversy within American society. In addition to ensuring universal availability of birth control and family planning education, her projects and research have led to the creation of organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW) and Planned Parenthood.

Born Margaret Louise Higgins, on September 14, 1879 in Corning, New York, Margaret Sanger was the sixth of her parents' eleven children. Although her mother, Anne Purcell Higgins, died from tuberculosis at the age of fifty, Margaret's belief that the frequent pregnancies lay at the root of her premature death was to exert an enormous influence on her life and her work. Aided by her older sisters, Margaret attended Claverack College and Hudson River Institute in 1896, and then entered the nursing program at White Plains Hospital in 1900. In 1902 she met and married architect William Sanger, with whom she three children and settled in Hastings, a Westchester County suburb of New York City. While nursing in New York's Lower East Side, Sanger witnessed the needless suffering of many poor women, who were subjected to the pain of frequent childbirth, miscarriage and abortion. This inspired her lifelong campaign for revision of archaic legislation, which prohibited publication of facts about contraception and birth control. In her own words, "I went to bed, knowing that no matter what it might cost, I was finished with palliatives and superficial cures; I was resolved to seek out the root of...

Early in my career, as I practiced nursing among the impoverished families of New York's Lower East Side, I became aware of the interrelationships between overpopulation, high infant and maternal mortality rates, and poverty. These were problems that I could neither accept nor condone, so I set out to inform and educate women on the issues of contraception. In society, at that time, contraceptive information was so suppressed, in particular by the Catholic Church, that it was a criminal offence to send it through the mail. Yet, although condoms were available to the rich, society's perverse sense of justice and morality declared that their only legal use was for the protection from venereal disease while having sex with prostitutes. I sought the advice and support of doctors, but no one that I approached wished to be attached to the stigma associated with birth control. Therefore, in 1912, I began writing a column on sex education for the New York Call entitled "What Every Girl Should Know." The censors, who deemed it to be obscene suppressed my column on venereal disease, and many people, including the public, considered me to be 'criminal'. However, I continued with my quest and, in March 1914, I published the first issue of The Woman Rebel, a radical feminist monthly that advocated militant feminism, including the…