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The "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released data claiming that one in five middle and high school students are regularly exposed to secondhand smoke while in cars." (Yahanda, 2012, p. 1) Thus there are many proponents of banning smoking while in the car and children are present. This type of law is difficult because to many it impinges on individual freedom in a private location. Secondly, a U.S. District judge blocked the government mandate that required cigarette companies to place specific graphic images of the effects of cigarette smoking on cigarette boxes. This case also deals with the government authority to require corporations to compel private business to include images on their product.
Procedures
1. Two pieces of filter paper should be weighed and added to the setup in the diagram.
2. Carefully attach a vacuum line to the appropriate places on the flasks.
3. Weigh an unfiltered cigarette and attach it vertically to the clamp, then turn on the vacuum lines slowly and light the cigarette, adjusting the vacuum so it burns in 3-5 min.
4. After the cigarette is burned down, put it out and turn off the vacuum
5. Weigh both filter papers, the unburned portion of the cigarette, and repeat for a filtered cigarette and "little cigar."
Works Cited
Yahanda, a., Getting hot boxes to go. Retrieved February 17, 2012 from Cavalier Daily
website: http://www.cavalierdaily.com/2012/02/16/getting-hot-boxes-to-go/
February 17, 2012
Exploring Antacids
Introduction
The use of antacids (a base) to neutralize the effects of a strong acid has many applications. This ability can be numerically analyzed by titrating the weaker base in a known quantity of strong acid until an endpoint is reached. A simple formula can be used to determine how much of the base is contained in each antacid dose. It is important to understand the amount of base in each dose to determine the true effect of the antacid. The amount and how quickly the antacid acts may be different depending...
Several different brands of antacid are examined to determine which might acts more quickly and/or be more effective overall.
Pre-lab Assignment
None required.
Procedures
1. Measure 25 ml of water into each of 3 separate 100 ml beakers.
2. Add 3 drops of Bromocresol Green and 5 drops of 0.1M HCl to one beaker.
3. Keep the second beaker as it is and add 5 drops of 0.1M NaOH to the third beaker.
4. Observe the colors of all three solutions.
5. Add 10 drops of 0.1M HCl to beaker number 3 and record the color.
6. After measuring 25 ml of distilled water into a 250 ml flask, add one Tums tablet.
7. Crush the tablet with a glass rod and then add 5 drops of Bromocresol Green.
8. Measure 50 ml of 1.0M HCl into a 50 ml graduated cylinder recording the exact amount.
9. Add the contents of the graduate cylinder to the Tums beaker 5 drops at a time.
10. Crush the solid in the beaker each time and swirl the mixture. Repeat step 9 until a color change starts to be noticed. At that point, add only 1 to 2 drops at a time.
11. When the solution is a full pale yellow for a full minute, the solid is dissolved.
12. If you need more than 50 ml of HCl, refill the graduated cylinder.
13. Record the total volume of HCl used.
14. Repeat steps 6 through 13 with a second tablet.
15. Repeat steps 6 through 14 with an Alka-Seltzer tablet
16. Repeat step 15 on a second Alka-Seltzer tablet.
17. Calculate the average of the HCl required for the Tums and of the Alka-Seltzer tablets.
18. Test the Rolaids in a similar fashion to steps 6 through 14.
19. Determine the amount of base for each of the three antacids.
20. Rank the three antacids by ml…
Even though users of light therapy are often advised not to look directly at the light source, the mechanisms of the eye focus incoming light onto the macula, the small region of the retina where vision takes place, and where age-related macular degeneration occurs. Since blue light wavelength make up only a small percentage of the light in white light, any form of light therapy using a high proportion
66). Furthermore, social software will only increase in importance in helping organizations maintain and manage their domains of knowledge and information. When networks are enabled and flourish, their value to all users and to the organization increases as well. That increase in value is typically nonlinear, where some additions yield more than proportionate values to the organization (McCluskey and Korobow, 2009). Some of the key characteristics of social software applications
Environmental Hazards as a Consequence of Crude Oil/Natural Gas Exploration, Transportation, Refining and Storage Ever since crude oil was first successfully drilled in the U.S. In Titusville, Pennsylvania, in 1859, the demand for oil has only been increasing over the years in countries all over the world. (Camden, 1883) Crude oil, from which various petroleum products are obtained, is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon component found trapped in rocks below the
Groundwater & Hydrology Water is the most cast off natural material in the earth. Irrespective of variations in its supply with the pace of time and location its aggregate quantity remains constant. The transformation of the water takes place through a continuation process referred to as hydrological cycle deriving its momentum through the solar energy and gravity. Down pouring of rain consequent upon condensation of clouds are extracted by the roots
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