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¶ … Measurement of Personality by Henry Murray
The emergence of the psychoanalytic tradition in psychology by Sigmund Freud provided social scientists with profound insights and information regarding the personality and behavior of the individual. In the 20th century, psychoanalysis has been taken into the field of study of personality development, and is quantified through techniques in psychological testing. Henry Murray, one of the proponents and formulators of psychological tests as effective tools for analyzing human behavior, had introduced his own theory of personality, influenced by the works of Freud.
Personality research during Murray's time was quantified because this field of study seeks to rationalize human behavior, thinking, and action, providing more stable ground to formulate generalizations regarding the study of humans and their development. During the 1930s, continuing conflict among nations...
Murray (with Christina Morgan) formulated the Thematic Apperception Test or TAT, which is "an ambiguous projective test designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individual's personality" (Santrock, 2000:435).
The formulation of the TAT is grounded on the belief that human thoughts and feelings, as well as unconscious feelings and thoughts, are projected through the story-telling method of TATs. By creating stories, or constructs, among the pictures illustrated to the individual, social scientists are able to determine the motivations and beliefs that a person subsists to, creating a general impression or profile of the individual being studied. Primarily, TATs are used to determine an individual's achievement motivation, or the need for achievement, and…
Bibliography
Neill, J. (2003). Personality Traits. University of Canberra Web site. Accessed 13 December 2003. Available at http://www.wilderdom.com/personality/L6-2PersonalityTraits.html.
Santrock, J. (2000). Psychology. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) The TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) has long been used to assist psychoanalysts elicit fantasy material from their patients (Morgan & Murray, 1935). According to Belleck and Murray (1973), the TAT was designed to bring forth interpretations by subject of social situations. Stories and pictures reveal some of the dominant drives, emotions, sentiments, conflicts, and complexes of a personality. The original cards used in the test were drawn
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