Meiosis, Transpiration, Monocots, Dicots, Plant Cell, Angiosperms, Fungi, Algae
The Events of Meiosis and the Importance of Prophase 1
Generally, meiosis has two divisions of events. Each constitutes 4 phases of same names but of different division number. They are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. From Meiosis of Access Excellence, the events in meiosis can be summarized as the following.
Prophase 1 - chromosomes duplicate into a pair of chromatid. Later, exchanging of fragments or crossing-over may occur.
Metaphase 1 - aligning of chromosome pairs at the center of the cell.
Anaphase 1 - separation of homologous pairs to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase 1 - homologous pairs separate and forms two daughter cells
Prophase 2 - no replication of DNA
Metaphase 2 - aligning of chromosomes at the center of each cell
Anaphase 2 - the chromatids separate moving to opposite cell direction
Telophase 2-4 cells are formed each containing one chromosome.
Prophase 1 is essential because it is this phase where chromatids become visible, allowing the replication and the development of chromosomes.
Transpiration and How it Affects Water Movement in Plants
Transpiration is the process of water loss in plants. This occurs when water evaporates from plants through the tiny pores called stomata. Transpiration causes the roots to pull more water from the soil into the plant, replacing water that is lost.
Anatomical Differences...
Dicots)
Characteristic
Monocots
Dicots
Number of cotyledons
Single cotyledon
Two cotyledon
Pollen structure
With single pore or furrow
With three pores or furrows
Number of flower parts
In multiples of three
In multiples of four or five
Leaf veins
Parallel venation
Netted/Reticulated venation
Stem vascular arrangement
Scattered rings of vascular bundles in stem ring of vascular bundles
Root development
Roots are adventitious
Roots develop from radicle
Second growth
No secondary growth
Oftentimes with secondary growth
Parts of a Plant Cell
Cell Wall. It is the outer part of the cell that determines the cell's shape. Cell wall supports and protects the cell.
Cell Membrane. A thin double-layer membrane visible only in microscope. The substances that passes through the cell are regulated by the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm. It is the surrounding membrane of a cell (Thiers, G.) It handles all the chemical processes of the plant.
Nucleus. It is a double membrane ring formation inside the cytoplasm. Nucleus controls all the functions inside a cell (Structure and Function of the…
Plant Cell and describes the structure & function of each part Parts of a Plant Cell: Cell Wall' Protoplast': is bounded by a Cell Membrane and contains Cytoplasm, which consists of: Vacuoles Organelles (consists of Plastids, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus & Endoplasmic Reticulum) Nucleus Structure and Functions of Each Part Cell Wall: The Cell Wall is composed mainly of Cellulose whose molecules are joined together in fibrils as layers and contains openings to make it permeable. Most
Photosynthesis 1231 Plant Cell and Solar Cell: Similarities and Differences Photosynthesis is that process by which plants harness the solar energy for producing food. These cells help the plants to trap energy from the daylight. This trapped light is converted into other constituents that are then used by the plant to manufacture food. The additional components such as oxygen are released to the atmosphere. After these processes, the light energy is converted
The RHDl gene product appears to be necessary for proper initiation of root hairs, whereas the RHDS, RHD3, and RHD4 gene products are required for normal hair elongation. These results demonstrate that root hair development in Arabidopsis is amenable to genetic dissection and should prove to be a useful model system to study the molecular mechanisms governing cell differentiation in plants.(Schiefelbein & Somerville, 1990, p.235) The genetic analysis of root
Enzymes 1. How does temperature affect enzyme function? Every enzyme demonstrates maximum activity at a particular temperature known as its optimum temperature. Generally, all enzymes are inactivated at temperatures below 10°C and get denatured (lose its three-dimensional protein nature) above its optimum temperature (Seager & Slabaugh 2010). Experiments conclude that enzyme activity increases by almost ten percent coupled to each degree rise in temperature until it reaches its optimum state and declines beyond
Cells are known as the basic units of life. One thing that plant cells and solar cells have in common is that they are very important to humans and living things on earth. One main difference between plant cells and solar cells is how each harnesses solar energy. Plants harness solar energy to use photosynthesis. Solar cells harness solar energy to convert it to electricity. One of the main duties of
cells require a layer to separate the inside of the cell from the outside world. Cells have a semi-permiable membrane which controls what can and cannot enter the cell. In animal cells, as well as some others, this membrane is all that separates the cell from its surroundings. Plant cells, and many single-celled organisms such as bacteria have a rigid cell wall beyond the membrane that provides structure. (Buck)