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Witness the result that there was no significant reduction in the measurement/perception of pain. We might also conclude that FM patients are either particularly susceptible to imagery, or that the study proves that there is a clear difference between pain reporting and self-reporting of quality of life issues. Finally, we might conclude that the type of patient who seeks out or identifies with alternative therapies may also have similar neurochemicals making them particularly susceptible to more metaphysical therapies (Aslin, 1998; Overview, 2002).
Findings and Hypothesis: The fundamental question from the study was posed as an "investigation." In this respect, each measurement was designed to provide data to the investigation of a cause a (listening to guided imagery tapes) resulting in new B (pain, self-efficacy, etc.). In this respect, all data and findings directly tied back to the hypothesis.
Additional Re-search: A single study using less than 50 participants over a short period of time may be adequate to begin investigations of a causal relationship, but it is not adequate for extrapolation. The most effective project would be admittedly large, but could involve physicians specializing in FM over the United States (perhaps 2-3 per State), and recruiting a statistical viable number of participants...
Further, future research should include specified dosage amounts as well as samples that use the system over a short, medium and long-term program. Significant modifiers like medication, OTC supplements, exercise regimes, cigarette use; alcohol use, other substances, diet, weight, and prior or other health concerns should be accounted for as well. Additionally, one might further ask if other similar natural therapies (yoga, unguided meditation, biofeedback, etc.) had a similar effect? (Sing, 2008).
SOURCES
Overview of CAM in the United States. (2002, March). Retrieved from: White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine: http://whccamp.hhs.gov/finalreport_pdf.html
Aslin, J. (1998). Why Patients Use Alternative Medicine: Reults of a National Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279(19), 1548-53.
Menzies, V., et al. (2006). Effects of Guided Imagery on Outcomes of Pain, Functional Status, and Self-Efficacy in Persons Diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 12 (1): 23-30.
Singh, S. And Ernst, E. (2008). Trick or Treatment: The Undeniable Facts About Alternative
Medicine. New York: Norton.
Menzies, V., et al. (2006). Effects of Guided Imagery on Outcomes of Pain, Functional Status, and Self-Efficacy in Persons Diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 12 (1): 23-30.
Singh, S. And Ernst, E. (2008). Trick or Treatment: The Undeniable Facts About Alternative
Medicine. New York: Norton.
It is also quite possible that there is a significant "placebo effect" when dealing with GI (or other) treatments. The patients may be truly relaxing, but may also believe that they are managing their pain through breathing and imagery, meaning they are, in fact doing just that (Bresler; Menzies). Evidence-Based Practice Analysis -- Clearly, the use of GI techniques to supplement and help wean patients off pharmaceutical pain management solutions
Participants filled out a Short-Form McGill Questionnaire, an Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale, and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire in order to measure their levels of pain over the past few weeks. What the researchers found through statistical analysis was self-management strategies that reduced pain over time were most effective in the group that was exposed to guided imagery techniques. The level of guided imagery therapy was not itself significant, but more of
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