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A good example of such Confucian indoctrination was the Ming civil bureaucracy, which was selected through a rigorous process of competitive district, provincial, metropolitan, and palace examinations. According to this author, "Confucianism formed the core substantive content of the examinations, it became, for the ruling elite, not only the dominant ideology but also frequently an internalized norm and occasionally a religious conviction" (Tong 166). This reliance on an official state religion worked both to the advantage and ultimately the disadvantage of the Ming rulers. According to Lupher, "Even though the emperor occupied first place in the Confucian sociopolitical hierarchy, Ming rulers were themselves increasingly subject to the Confucian worldview [This was] compulsorily institutionalizing benevolent despotism" (25). During the period from 1470 to approximately 1644, then, Confucian doctrine and ritual served to constrain the authority of Ming rulers in "pervasive and irresistible ways" (Lupher 25).
Conclusion.
The research showed that the Ming dynasty lasted from approximately 1470 to approximately...
These accomplishments included a geographic expansion of the dynasty, the introduction of a number of administrative innovations and the introduction of a sophisticated system of taxation and equitable division of social responsibilities. The failures of the Ming rulers were found to include their inability to use these same innovations and complicated power structures to good effect when the Manchu conquest resulted in many of the theretofore powerful Ming eunuchs committing suicide (Tong 166).
Works Cited
Chung, Chai-Sik. A Korean Confucian Encounter with the Modern World: Yi Hang-No and the West. Berkeley, CA: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1995.
Flynn, Dennis O. And Arturo Giraldez. (1995). "Born with a 'Silver Spoon': The Origin of World Trade in 1571." Journal of World History 6(2):208.
Lupher, Mark. Power Restructuring in China and Russia. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996.
Ming Dynasty." (2005). In Encyclopedia…
Works Cited
Chung, Chai-Sik. A Korean Confucian Encounter with the Modern World: Yi Hang-No and the West. Berkeley, CA: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1995.
Flynn, Dennis O. And Arturo Giraldez. (1995). "Born with a 'Silver Spoon': The Origin of World Trade in 1571." Journal of World History 6(2):208.
Lupher, Mark. Power Restructuring in China and Russia. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996.
Ming Dynasty." (2005). In Encyclopedia Britannica [premium service].
Ming Dynasty The three centuries that comprise the Ming Dynasty are not easy to describe in the course of twenty pages of text. However, the author of this chapter does a stellar job of conveying the essence of the Ming Dynasty via an engaging yet scholarly writing style. The chapter is well-organized, its ideas presented in clear, logical, and chronological format. However, the presentation of the material is not dry but
He argues that the exact thing happened in the case of paintings. The aim of the book "Superfluous things: material culture and social status in early modern China" (Clunas, 64) was simply to examine Chinese art in the light of material culture. This shows that Craig Clunas was of the view that evolution of art in China was deeply linked to materialistic and opportunistic needs. This train of though
' (Adams, 1982) Local agencies helped the magistrate, remedied public mores, and also inspected the conduct of the "Hyangni" and served as power base for the local "yangbans. "Yangbans" were dispatched to the province from the capital. Yangbans -- constituted of the class of advantaged / privileged civil and military servicemen. Yangins constituted of middle-level bureaucrats, peasants and merchants, whose children were allowed to sit the exam for governance service.
Tea was the third most important commercial product, and was also sold to the mainland. Research indicates that the Japanese, as well as other foreign powers, deeply coveted in Taiwan's wealth (Government Information Office in Taiwan, at (http://www.taiwan.com.au/polieco/history/report04.html). In 1886 Taiwan's defenses against foreign aggression were modernized, the government implemented tax reforms to make Taiwan financially independent, and educated its indigenous peoples. A general trade office was established to encourage
External vs. The Internal View in Neo-Confucian Thought Since the beginning of time, philosophers have made a living looking at how people conduct themselves and trying to make sense of it. Sometimes the philosopher will devise a theory about how the human world works by looking inside themselves and trying to determine the answer, and other times they will observe what people actually do and make comments based on that.
Confucianism Describe the unique characteristics of Chinese worldviews and discuss the significance or the implications of these characteristics in relation to the worldviews of other traditions such as the Jewish, the Christian or the modern scientific worldviews. In order to provide an explanation to worldview several authors define worldview in different terms. According to Fritj of Capra, a social Paradigm is a particular vision of a community and where values, perceptions, concepts