Middle Schools Student With Learning

¶ … middle schools student with learning disabilities struggles specifically with the automatic use of multiple strategies to read and comprehend text

How do I decode the reading problem that my student (or a student with similar reading difficulty) has?

There are three types of reading disability and the correct type must be decoded for the problem to be adequately addressed.

The problem's significance

Reading equals decoding and comprehension. It follows, therefore, that there are three types of reading disability: an inability to decode, an inability to comprehend, or a type that integrates both. The first correpsonds to dyslexia, the second reprents hyperlexia, and the third is the common vaarity that is reading disability.

The if/then statement

If one adequately decoded the problem one can best address and deal with the situation.

Independent variable

Reading ability. Teacher helping student

Dependent variable

The specific reading problem

(Source: Gough, P. & Tunmer, W.E. (1996). Decoding, Reading, and Reading Disability

Remedial and Special Education, 7,6-10)

2. The problem question

How does one help students maintain and improve their reading ability and understanding when they are no longer in an instructional setting?

The problem statement

Finding an appropriate method that can help students with reading difficulties master their reading both in and out of the instructional setting.

The problem's significance

Once out of the instructional setting, students with reading disabilities have to independently struggle to master the text and to gain comprehension of that text. Of challenge too is finding a method that can best help the student gain and retain (as well as improve) reading skills both in and out of the classroom settings

The if/then statement

If self-instructional training is used then student's reading skills may be developed

Independent variable

Reading skills

Dependent variable

Self-instructional training

(Source:

Charn, L.K. (1991). Promoting Strategy Generalization Through Self-Instructional Training in Students with Reading Disabilies, Journal of learning Disabilities, 24, 427-433)

3. The problem question

Are there similarities between disability in math and disability in reading?

The problem statement

Knowledge of areas of similarities and differences in learning disabilities in both math and reading may be helpful in treating reading disability.

The problem's significance