What Are the Purposes of Computer Hardware and Software?

Network Administration

Computer hardware and software

Computer software refers to a collection of procedures, computer programs and codes that perform different functions on a computer system. Software systems are often classified into system software, programming software, and application software. Any physical device used in or with a computer is referred to as computer hardware. A computer display monitor, a CD-ROM and a printer are all examples of hardware.

Functions of computer hardware

The following are the functions of different computer hardware:

Internal system unit components

A processer, also known as the central processing unit (CPU), enables the operating system and operating software run on a system, by executing a set of instructions (Clements, 2006). A motherboard holds the processor and links internal components, such as the random access memory (RAM), together using communication buses. Basic input/output system (BIOS) is responsible for linking computer software and hardware (Clements, 2006). It ensures hardware components perform their functions and turns off processes in the correct way. A power supply unit (PSU) is used to power the components in a computer system while the universal serial bus (USB) and serial enable it to communicate with external devices.

Internal memory components

Internal memory components include the RAM, ROM and cache. Data is written and read from the RAM while the read only memory (ROM) contains system information and stores information on programs in the system. Cache memory is RAM that can be accessed quicker than RAM and carries out instructions more swiftly.

Peripherals

Output devices, such as monitors and printers, portray signals to the end user from the operating system (Clements, 2006). Coaxial and fiber optic cables are used to connect the computer to various networks. Backing storage devices are also peripherals used to back up the information stored in a computer to prevent loss of valuable information.

Functions of computer software

Application software

This type of software is used to perform functions beyond the performance of the computer by itself. It may be a single program or a collection of programs that work together to accomplish different tasks (Berger, 2005). Image viewers provide entertainment to the user, and others such as Microsoft office may be applied in business or learning environments.

System software

System software provides a platform for running software and operates the computer hardware by integrating, controlling and managing different components (Berger, 2005). Operating systems provide services to other software and device drivers control the devices attached to computers.

Power supply and form factors

Power supply

The power supply unit is, in basic terms, a component that dispenses or allocates power to a computer. Computers are connected to power outlets with high voltage AC. The power supply is therefore responsible for the conversion of AC current to DC current and it pulls the required amount of electricity to the computer (Brown, 2011).

Form factors

A form factor is the size configuration of a computer's hardware. The power supplies, mother boards and cases come in different sizes, the form factors, and they must be compatible with each other. Form factors, therefore, give the specification of a mother board in regard to the power supply type, number of ports and other such factors.