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¶ … Penicillin focuses on the miraculous discovery of Alexander Fleming in the world of medicine called the Penicillin. This paper illustrates the process of discovery of this drug and outlines the various advantages it has caused not only to people but the society as well. This paper also emphasizes on the side effects of antibiotics but also proves how this may prove to be beneficial for many researchers, doctors and scientists.
Penicillin
One of the most brilliant knowledge advances of this century - as great as the computer, as great as the abolition of natural racial inferiority and growing awareness of spaceship earth, has been the conquest of infectious diseases. Drugs are thousands of years old. Neolithic, perhaps even paleolithic shamans and medicine men and women knew the curative powers of many plants. The ability of alcohol, in wine, beer and stronger liquors, to make life seem better than it really is has been used for many years to produce the same results. Nevertheless, almost all drugs and medicine used today have been discovered not just in this century but in the last forty years, since the end of the 1939-1945 war. In several ways the most important invention of the last hundred years is the drug whose...
After taking his medical degree in 1906 he began to conduct research on antibacterial substances that might be nontoxic to human tissues. By that time, it was explicitly known that bacteria caused many infections and could be killed. But the poisons, which were used to kill them such as carbolic acid, proved to be too toxic and life threatening for patients. In 1928, while working with cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, the pus producing bacterium, Fleming noticed a circle free of bacteria around a mold growth that had contaminated one of his slides. This type of mold grows on old bread and there could have been a possibility that a crumb from that bread might have fallen, unnoticed onto his culture. Excited, Fleming began to isolate the substance and in doing so discovered that the mold was capable of killing the bacteria even after being diluted hundred times. He named the drug penicillin. "The wide use of penicillin did not become possible until the 1940s when Howard Florey and Ernst Chain developed a powdery form of the medicine" (Mary Bellis, The History Of Penicillin).
The discovery of penicillin…
Works Cited
Mary B. The History Of Penicillin. 2003. Available on the address http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpenicillin.htm. Accessed on 22 Nov.
The newest is the nucleic acid amplification test. It has 92-96% sensitivity and 94-99% specificity, as compared with culture tests (Norris). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the maintenance of a low threshold to physicians when diagnosing pelvic inflammation disease because of the lack or absence of significant negative changes. The Center recommends diagnosing women with PID and who experience uterine and adnexal painfulness or cervical tenderness
Once a person has been infected, there is no known cure for this Herpes hence one becomes a carrier for life, only suppressing the effects that it has on him. Some of the more outstanding symptoms are blisters that are small and fluid filled around the genital area (vaginal lips, vagina, cervix, head/shaft/foreskin of the penis, scrotum, buttocks, anus or thighs). These small blisters are noted to burst leaving sores
STDs: A MAJOR CONTEMPORARY PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN Sexually Transmitted Diseases Given the advances in medicine and public health over the past several decades, most people might assume that the incidence and prevalence of sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs) is declining; however, the scientific evidence suggests otherwise. Recent estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States suggest that 20 million new STD infections occur every year and cost the
Medical Ethics Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Contact Tracing MG is a 27-year-old graduate student, recently married, who comes into the student health clinic for a routine pelvic exam and Pap smear. During the course of the exam, the gynecology resident performing the exam obtains the Pap smear, but also obtains cervical cultures for gonorrhea and chlamydia. The examination concludes uneventfully. Several weeks later, MG receives a postcard indicating that the Pap smear
risky behavior, unprotected sex can lead to serious health consequences. Risky sexual behaviors include having sex frequently with strangers or multiple partners, particularly without the use of condoms. Similarly, avoiding birth control can be considered a risky sexual behavior. Physiological consequences of unprotected sex include the contraction of a sexually-transmitted infection, many of which can lead to fatal illnesses like HIV / AIDS or Hepatitis. Gonorrhea and other sexually
A newer and easy test is the OSOM BVBlue, which mixes a swabbed specimen from the vagina with a reagent. The test yields sialidase activity or presence in the vaginal fluid in 10 minutes. Sialidase is produced by BV pathogens (Mashburn). pH Level The most reliable criterion for detecting BV is a pH>4.5 (Mashburn, 2007). A normal pH should, therefore, rule out BV. A pH >4.5 can also indicate trichomoniasis or