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8. WHY DO SOME VOLCANOES EXPLODE, WHILE OTHERS EMIT ONLY GASEOUS CLOUDS?
Some volcanoes explode because the magma that is beneath them is physically forced out of the volcano and into the air. Also, some volcanoes have a core or cap that was formed long ago that holds magma back until it can reach a pressure high enough for it to explode outward. Other volcanoes release only gas because there are pockets of gas and ash trapped above the magma chamber, but below the surface of the volcano. This is released instead of magma and the pressure below the volcano is released as well.
9. HOW DO the LAVAS ERUPTED by VOLCANOES in OCEAN BASINS DIFFER FROM THOSE in ISLANDS AROUND the BORDER of the PACIFIC?
The ocean basin volcanoes mostly eject basalt and other iron-based magma due to the fact that they are near subduction zones and fissures in the Earth's...
The islands around the border of the pacific have a much more granitic composition, caused by the wearing down of the earth's crust as well as uplifts and crustal folding. These types of volcanoes also form near subduction zones but they include other types of rock that have higher concentrations of aluminum and granite-based compounds,
10. HOW CAN SO MANY DIFFERENT TYPES of IGNEOUS ROCKS ORIGINATE FROM a SINGLE BASALTIC MAGMA?
Many different types of rock originate from basalt magma through metamorphosis. These metamorphic rocks start as igneous magma, but because of their unique composition, temperature and pressure exposures, they begin to change and form other types of rock over time. Also, different minerals and substances are eventually mixed in and create all different types of metamorphic compounds like granite.
Continental tropical (cT) air masses are hot, dry, unstable at low levels and generally stable aloft (upper-level ridge); they originate in northern Mexico. Continental polar (cP) or continental arctic (cA) air masses are cold, dry, and stable originating over northern Canada and Alaska as a result of radiational cooling. (Oklahoma Climatological Survey, 2004)" The greenhouse effect has been in the news for the last several decades especially with the resulting
LANDFORMS Barrier island beaches generally develop where: a The coast is composed of hard rock b the nearby land has a rugged topography of hills and mountains c the sea floor deepens rapidly offshore d The sea floor remains shallow for a long distance offshore During storms in winter: a There is a higher percentage of fine-grained sand on beaches b More erosion occurs in bays than on headlands c Beaches are eroded d Beaches are
Environmental Hazards as a Consequence of Crude Oil/Natural Gas Exploration, Transportation, Refining and Storage Ever since crude oil was first successfully drilled in the U.S. In Titusville, Pennsylvania, in 1859, the demand for oil has only been increasing over the years in countries all over the world. (Camden, 1883) Crude oil, from which various petroleum products are obtained, is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon component found trapped in rocks below the
Rising From the Plains John Mcphee, a writer of creative nonfiction books, started writing about the earth in 1985. He described the structure and movement of the earth's crust and mantle based on geology. He focused on the theory called plate tectonics which describes the earth's crust as several plates that bump with each other while gliding over the mantle. That theory was accepted only in the latter part of 1960's
The rain, averaging only 2-4 inches annually, comes in seasonal bursts that sometimes result in flash floods. Temperatures throughout the Gobi Desert are equally extreme, with lows records at -40 degree Fahrenheit and highs of 113 degrees Fahrenheit (Sadler 76). All of these climatic and geologic forces have combined to shape the landscape throughout the Gobi Desert. They have created immense megadunes a quarter of a mile tall held