Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Different methods like Self appraisal, Peer appraisal, Team appraisal, Assessment centre, 360-degree or full circle appraisal, Management-by-objectives, Combination of methods are used to regularly enhance and manage the performance of organizations.
Self Appraisal System
Self appraisal system gives the employee a chance to make judgment about him. Mostly employees have grudges about their managers doing their appraisals but this system gives them a chance to voice their own opinions and judgments about their own work. Biggest positive point is that employee cannot complain or grudge about the process when he is doing it himself. The negative point is that the person himself is mostly unable to highlight negative points about him and can be biased giving a more positive appraisal when in fact it could be negative.
360-degree or Full Circle Appraisal
360 degree incorporates feedback from multiple sources that is superiors, subordinates, peers, and/or customers into the performance appraisal process. The strength of the system is that...
If one manager has the positive feedback of the employee and others in the system also agree with that then it results in the positive re-enforcement of the verdict of the manager. The process should include all employees including top managers otherwise it could backfire. Another weakness of this system is inclusion of customers because customers are better at evaluating products and services than evaluating individuals.
References
Lawler III, E. & Mohrman, S.(2003),'HR as a Strategic Partner: What Does it Take to Make it Happen?', Human Resource Planning, Vol.26, No.3, p.15+.
Pollack, D. & Pollack, L. (1996). Using 360 Degree Feedback in Performance Appraisal. Public Personnel Management. Vol: 25. Issue: 4. P. 507+.
Inderrieden, E., Allen, R. & Keaveny, T. (2004). Managerial Discretion in the Use of Self-Ratings in an Appraisal System: The Antecedents and Consequences. Journal of Managerial Issues. Vol: 16. Issue: 4. 2004. P. 460+.
policy development for the investigated issue. The chosen studies are "conviction offense and Prison Violence" by Sorrensen and Cunningham (2008), "Violence against women" by Baker, Niolon and Oliphan (2009), "Determine what works for girls in the Juvenile Justice system" by Zhan, Richavsky and Mihalic (2009) and "Violent girls and relabeled status offenders" by Feld (2009). Description and Credibility of Methodologies Used The four studies have been carefully selected to present the variation
Research and Policy Development Paper Introduction Irrespective of how advanced the devices and systems used in receiving and sending information are, much success would not be achieved in crime reduction until important information and facts about crime is accessible and worked on by policymakers (Andrews & Bonta, 2010). The idea of research, with emphasis laid on the discoveries made from criminal justice investigation, being actively utilized by policymakers forms the subject matter
European Security and Defense Policy: Development and Prospects United States Attitudes toward European Defense The Background to the Dilemma: In December of 1991, the Soviet Union - Ronald Reagan's "Evil Empire" - ceased to exist. Communism was dead. The Cold War over. Long live freedom and democracy! The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was replaced by a weak and impoverished federation of fifteen republics. America stood alone. She had become - in
Policy Analysis Child Protective Service Include Abuse, Foster Care and Adoption Child physical abuse did not receive widespread attention in this country until a 1962 medical journal article discussed patterns of suspicious injuries in children. Within four years, all 50 states had passed laws requiring certain professionals to report cases of suspected child maltreatment. These laws were intended to protect children because they are a particularly vulnerable portion of the population.
Furthermore it was a challenge for the government to provide computers and other equipments at large level (Thaichayapong, 1997) Similarly Russell Pipe who was the Deputy Director of Global Informaiton Infrastructure Commission also criticized the policy saying that there were many risks involved in spreading IT facility and also that the expectations are high. He also stated that IT policy 2000 aims to provide TI facilities all through the country
what drives/motivates providers. In a nutshell, these authors assert that any healthcare system built on market principles is doomed to eventual crisis as payers (meaning patients by and large, whether directly or through government taxation) attempt to receive adequate care while reducing the flow of dollars to providers while providers attempt to increase the flow of dollars for the same or lower levels of care (Harrington & Estes, 2008).