A case study research proposal for disaster preparedness training through the Center for Domestic Preparedness is presented in PowerPoint. Explanations about qualitative research, data collection, data analysis, bias prevention, and reporting of findings are offered. Justification for the research is presented in terms of four research questions. Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) is through special software.
¶ … WMD?
Outcomes & Implications of CDP Training
The Exigencies of Emergency Response
Homeland Security Act (HSA) of 2002
Terrorist Threat Mandates
Overburdened Trauma Centers
Multiple Priorities Create Funding Inadequacy
Untrained & Poorly Equipped EMS providers
Homeland Security Act (HSA) of 2002
Established critical emergency protection program
Terrorist Threat Mandates
Federal and State mandates erode standard EMS resources
Funding priorities have not been sufficient to maintain the EMS infrastructure
Overburdened Trauma Centers
Public Health Emergencies -- Compete for scarce resources
BMC Emergency Medicine (Cherry & Trainer, 2008).
Chronic Overcrowding is Normative -- Infrastructure is inadequate for non-WMD crisis
Multiple Priorities Create Funding Inadequacy
Insufficient Equipment for WMD Crisis
Survey results reported in Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (Reilly, et al., 2007)
18.1% providers report having adequate equipment for WMD
Just over 50% providers received training in WMD response procedures
Training Makes a Difference
EMS comfort responding to WMD threat increases with training
Case Study Research
One of Several Qualitative Research Methods
Study Single Phenomenon, Event, or Case
in-depth Snapshot or Longitudinal Exploration
Goal Is Sharpened and More In-Depth Picture
Understand Why Something Happened
Identify Future Lines of Inquiry
Case Study is One of Several Qualitative Research Methods
Case study is used to describe phenomenon and answer research questions.
Case study research does not test hypotheses.
Study of a Single Phenomenon -- Single Event -- Limited Case
Focus of case study research is an in-depth snapshot and often a longitudinal exploration
Systematic examination through data collection, data analysis, and data reporting
Goal is sharpened picture that promotes understanding of phenomenon or case
Understand why something happened
Identify future lines of inquiry
4
Developing the Research Questions
Qualitative Research Is Guided by Research Questions
Does CDP Training Increase Confidence & Comfort in EMS providers?
Does CDP Training Result in Improved Levels of Preparedness for WMD threats?
How can individual barriers to preparedness be mediated?
How can institutional barriers to preparedness b mediated?
Developing Research Questions
Qualitative Research Is Guided by Research Questions
Two main factors are considered when developing research questions
What are the elements of the participant's experience or perception?
Does CDP Training Increase Confidence & Comfort in EMS providers?
How can individual barriers to preparedness be mediated?
What does this experience or perception mean for people in similar situations?
Does CDP Training Result in Improved Levels of Preparedness for WMD threats?
How can institutional barriers to preparedness b mediated?
5
CDP Training
Center for Domestic Preparedness Video -- Part 1 and Part 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qxWOj2cdYU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nk2N8XCet2M&feature=channel
6
A Focus on Training for EMS
Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP)
Deliver High-Quality Comprehensive Preparedness Training
Research to Explore CDP Training Outcomes & Institutional Adoption or Adaptation
Case Study Research Focuses on Both Individual Responders & the Institution
In-Depth Research Design that Goes Beyond Satisfaction with Training
Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP)
Deliver High-Quality Comprehensive Preparedness Training
The CDP purpose is to send trained responders back to their hometowns with specialized skills & experience
(Why Train with the CDP?, 2012)
CDP training emphasizes comprehensive approach with coordination across EMS agencies
Research to Explore CDP Training Outcomes & Institutional Adoption or Adaptation
The anticipated outcome of the training is organizational change & skill-development
Case Study Research Focuses on Both Individual Responders & the Institution
Inform the research on training first responders of WMD threats
In-Depth Research Design that Goes Beyond Satisfaction with Training
7
Research Design, Setting, & Sample
Case Study Research Design
Qualitative Methods Grounded in Phenomenology
A Single EMS Unit to Undergo CDP Training
Non-Probability Sampling
Population (N = Entire EMS Unit)
Convenience Sample (Taking CDP Training)
Sample (n = some number)
Informed Consent Agreements
Case Study Research Design
The case study research design will employ qualitative methods
Grounded in phenomenology - Research describes experiences & perspectives of participants
Direct observation during training by the researcher
Follow-up interviews immediately after training
The Setting: A Single EMS Unit to Undergo CDP Training
Appropriate to a case study
Sampling Frame and Sampling Procedure
Non-probability sampling procedures to be used
Population (N = Entire EMS Unit)
Convenience sample frame - EMS Unit members
Self-selection -- attending training and sign consent form
Sample (n = some number)
Those taking CDP training + agree to continuous observation during training)
8
Data Collection Methods
Qualitative Methodology
Direct Observation During Training
Data Capture Methods
Narrative, Notes, Memos
Contextual Data
Follow-up Interviews Immediately After Training
Data Capture Methods
Interview Transcripts
Textual Data
Qualitative Methodology
Will utilize Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) software
Direct Observation During Training
Data Capture Methods -- observations during training sessions
Narrative, Notes, Memos -- use of voice recorder, videotaping, written notes
Contextual Data -- important to case study research & study of institutional change
Follow-up Interviews Immediately After Training
Data Capture Methods -- open-ended questionnaires
Interview Transcripts -- written transcripts input into QDA software
Textual Data -- important to capture individual perceptions and responses
9
Data Analysis Methods
Qualitative Data Analysis Methodology
ATLAS.ti = Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) software
Coded Data From Observations & Interviews
Researcher Role Is To Interpret Coded Data
Themes Emerge From the Data
Data Analysis Results in Rich Accounts
Qualitative Data Analysis Methodology
Case study research results in rich, thick descriptions of the experiences & perceptions of participants
A software program is used to identify patterns in the textual data
ATLAS.ti = Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) software
A $99 student version is available that is as powerful as the more expensive institutional packages
Coded Data From Observations & Interviews
Software assigns codes to the data based on a framework developed by the researcher
Patterns are generated by the software
Data can easily be retrieved by the software for review by the researcher
Researcher Role Is To Interpret Coded Data
Data from all sources can be input into the software (questionnaire responses, interview transcriptions, observational data, video clips, researcher's recorded memos & annotations)
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