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The nurture principle states otherwise, and demands that we judiciously examine the inputs that are going into the body of the mother, which go into the body of the developing baby. Detrimental neurobiological effects can arise from substance abuse, such as alcohol, which can result in consequences like Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Additionally, while some substances may seem benign and are even espoused by the established published scientific dogma, like taking folic acid during pregnancy, an informed person would be wise to fully examine the premise and the possible effects of adding such a substance to the body of a pregnant woman. Aside from changing hair color, and perhaps reducing neural tube defects, substances that affect the epigenome are bound to have more global effects. It is the realm of science and the responsibility of individuals to seek out the truths when it comes to embracing factors that affect prenatal development.
Works Cited
Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2009). The Nature (and Nurture?) of Plasticity in Early Human Development. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 345-351.
DC, D., D, H., & RL., J. (2007). Maternal nutrient supplementation counteracts bisphenol A-induced DNA hypomethylation in early development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 13056-13061.
Harley,...
(2006). Time in the United States, social support and health behaviors during pregnancy among women of Mexican descent. Social Science and Medicine, 3048-3061.
Ohlsson, R., Larsson, E., Nilsson, O., Wahlstrom, T., & Sundstrom, P. (1989). Blastocyst implantation precedes induction of insulin-like growth factor II gene expression in human trophoblasts. Development, 555-559.
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Shibley Hyde, J., & DeLamater, J.D. (2007). Understanding human sexuality 10th edition. Columbus: McGraw-Hill.
Szyf, M. (2009). Epigenetics, DNA methylation, and chromatin modifying drugs. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 243-263.
Y, P., L, L., G, C., L, F., & MJ., L. (2010). Epigenetics in women's health care. Mt. Sinai Journal of Medicine, 225-235.
Works Cited
Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2009). The Nature (and Nurture?) of Plasticity in Early Human Development. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 345-351.
DC, D., D, H., & RL., J. (2007). Maternal nutrient supplementation counteracts bisphenol A-induced DNA hypomethylation in early development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 13056-13061.
Harley, K., & Eskenazi, B. (2006). Time in the United States, social support and health behaviors during pregnancy among women of Mexican descent. Social Science and Medicine, 3048-3061.
Ohlsson, R., Larsson, E., Nilsson, O., Wahlstrom, T., & Sundstrom, P. (1989). Blastocyst implantation precedes induction of insulin-like growth factor II gene expression in human trophoblasts. Development, 555-559.
Women who drink alcohol during pregnancy risk the health of the fetus and implicitly, the health of the child after birth. There are few studies made on humans in what concerns alcohol and interferences in prenatal development. That is why research is primarily based on animal studies. It is difficult to determine the exact amount of alcohol that can influence the fetus' development in a negative way and that is
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