Project management, operations management, and information systems at Facebook

Managerial Challenge at Facebook

Marketing Problem at Facebook

Application of Project Management to Facebook's Marketing Problem

Project Team

The Triple Constraint

Gant chart of the Project

Application of Operations Management to Facebook's Marketing Problem

Application of Information Systems Management to Facebook's Marketing Problem

Assignment of the Project Team

Training Needed

Work Breakdown including Critical Path

Planning Budget

Facebook is one of the social media platforms that has transformed modern communications and become highly successful and profitable in the process. Throughout its operations, the company has remained successful and adopted suitable business strategies and initiatives. One of these initiatives is the recent initial public offering that was largely successful despite numerous challenges in initial stages. However, several events have taken place in the recent past and contributed to decline in the number of Facebook's users. This decline is a reflection of marketing and advertising problems at the company, which is a significant managerial problem.

The company is facing the need to remain attractive to younger users, especially teenagers and expanding advertising. A marketing project is proposed to help address this managerial challenge and enhance Facebook's profitability in light of increased competitiveness. A project team has been established to deal with the projects implementation from the initial to the final stages. Through using project management, the project team will conduct a critical review of current marketing strategies and efforts, define the problem, identify existing organizational resources and opportunities, and design the project. The project team will work in collaboration with the marketing department and Information Technology department.

The project team will utilize operations management to generate changes to change Facebook's mobile advertising strategy, increased use of video advertising, switch marketing data to target customers, roll out of new products seamlessly, and generate income through Facebook pages. This process will involve information systems management in which the IT team will work with the marketing department and project team to develop necessary applications and services to enhance marketing and advertising.

Managerial Challenge at Facebook

Facebook is one of the most profitable businesses that have transformed modern communications, especially with the rapid growth and development of social media. The success and profitability of this company can be attributed to strategies adopted by its founder, Mark Zuckerberg, his advisors, and management team. This success is evidenced in its market valuation of $100 billion, which is an impressive accomplishment for a firm that started about 10 years ago. Facebook recently conducted an initial public offering (IPO) that was geared towards boosting its operations and profitability. Despite challenges in its IPO, the business has continued to show its capability to enhance profits and promote growth on mobile platforms. However, Facebook is experiencing a marketing problem because of decline in its share price, which has generated concerns regarding its marketing challenge. Facebook must address its marketing problem in order to keep users interested and expand advertising through effective project, operations, and information systems management.

Marketing Problem at Facebook

Facebook is one of the most successful and profitable businesses in the Information Technology field, particularly social media platforms. The company, which was started nearly 10 years ago, has a market valuation of $100 billion (Wallbank, 2012). This valuation reflects an impressive achievement and shrewd business strategies and initiatives adopted by Facebook's founder, his advisors, and the management team. One of the most significant steps taken by the company to enhance its profitability and growth is conducting an initial public offering (IPO), which was seemingly rocky but largely successful. However, the decline in its share price, decline in daily usage among teenagers, and its current advertising plan has generated a managerial challenge of marketing.

Despite increasingly showing capabilities to enhance profits while promoting growth over the years, Facebook's management is experiencing marketing challenges or issues. These challenges are evidenced in difficulties to keep younger users interested and increasing advertising without neglecting all customers. In December 2013, Facebook reported strong financial performance for this quarter though it also admitted that the daily usage of its services among teenagers declined for the first time (Knowledge Wharton, 2013). This decline came at a time when the firm highlighted its strategies towards increasing its advertising base and increased competition from other social media companies, especially Twitter that was conducting its IPO. Moreover, Snapchat, a social networking service, had become popular among teenagers during this period and affected Facebook.

Generally, Facebook has demonstrated its maturity in business through effective management of costs and revenue growth. As a result, it has developed to become a must-buy advertisement alternative for marketers. In the past few years, the firm has specifically focused on financial returns and implementation of its business strategy since its IPO, which was largely successful despite being initially rocky. Through its focus on operational and financial aspects, the company has increased its number of users and reached the peak for organic growth. While there are numerous opportunities for enhanced profitability, Facebook has significant marketing problem, which is a huge managerial challenge. The company has failed to capitalize on the various available ways for it to make money through increased advertisements such as branding, mobile advertising, and direct response advertisements.

Facebook's fortunes have received considerable attention in the news media and business circles given its huge customer base and profitability. The recent decline in its share price has also been a major issue in news media since questions have emerged regarding Facebook's long-term value and marketing strategy (Cameron, 2012). This has become a major marketing issue for the company's management, which needs to evaluate current advertising and develop effective measures to improve profitability. Actually, the firm's founder and his management team need to address this marketing problem through focusing on enhancing user experience, which will help increase daily usage and overall productivity of the company. The most suitable means for Facebook to address this managerial challenge of marketing is through effective project, operations, and information systems management.

Application of Project Management to Facebook's Marketing Problem

Project management is one of the most important business strategies and approaches that Facebook can utilize to address its marketing problem. The first step of project management for this managerial challenge is to define the problem or issue in a manner that reflects the company's resources and existing opportunities. This should be followed by conducting exploratory research, redefining the problem, and identification and development of suitable strategies to address it (Parkinson et al., 2009, p.6). Some of the important aspects to include in project management for this issue include establishing a project team, using the Triple Constraint, and developing a Gantt chart with critical path.

Project Team

A project team to develop strategies and practices for Facebook's marketing problem is crucial towards handling this management challenge. The project team for this issue will comprise seven (7) members headed by the company's top advertising product executive and members of the marketing department. They are mandated with the task of developing marketing strategies and practices that will help improve Facebook's profitability by increasing the attractiveness of its services to users, especially teenagers. The team will conduct a critical review of the existing marketing and advertising approaches vis-a-vis the desired marketing objectives. They will examine the organization's resources and opportunities to enhance marketing strategies. They will then provide action plans for dealing with the problem and oversee the implementation of these plans relative to desired objectives and profitability.

The Triple Constraint

As part of action plans development, the project team will utilize the Triple Constraint to establish project cost, delivery time, and agreed scope in a manner that meets customer needs. The customer quality issue for this project is keeping younger users (teenagers) interested in Facebook and enlarging advertising without neglecting all customers (Knowledge Wharton, 2013). The cost of the project will largely depend on the recommended strategies and execution initiatives though it should not exceed 10% of the company's market valuation. The project should be implemented within the next 6 months and subject to periodic evaluation as well as cover marketing and advertising only as shown in Figure 1.

Quality

Keeping Facebook Interesting to Teens and Expanding Advertising

Cost

Less than 10% of Facebook's market valuation

Scope

Marketing and Advertising Strategies and Practices

Time

Development and Implementation within 6 months Figure 1: The Triple Constraint

Gantt chart for the Project

The project team will utilize Gantt chart to plan and schedule for the marketing improvement strategy. This chart will be helpful in controlling the various activities and ensuing they are executed within the stipulated timeframe. Since the project team has a 6-month scope for complete delivery of the marketing project, the creation of a Gantt chart will enable team members to know or have a glimpse of when every task needs to be executed as shown in Figure 2. This helps them to conduct their respective jobs and responsibilities within the required time and avoid delays.

Figure 2: Gantt chart for Proposed Project

Application of Operations Management to Facebook's Marketing Problem

The implementation of this project to deal with Facebook's marketing problem will have significant impact on daily operations. Therefore, operations management applies to this managerial challenge because of changes in daily processes. Operations management is defined as a management area that focuses on developing and controlling business operations and practices during production of goods and/or services. The main goal of this project is to enhance Facebook's attractiveness to younger users i.e. teens and expanding advertising in order to increase its relatively declining customer base. Daily processes within the organization will experience significant changes as the implementation of new marketing initiatives implies changes to current processes.

First, the implementation of this project will contribute to changes in marketing operations by targeting customers or members depending on their demographics and interests. Despite having one of the biggest hoards of global marketing data, Facebook has seemingly neglected this probable marketing goldmine (Edwards, 2012). The marketing department and personnel will be involved in daily switch of marketing data for advertising targeting. Moreover, the Information Systems and Information Technology departments will need to constantly avail the hoards of marketing data to the marketing department for advertising targeting.

Secondly, a subdivision of the marketing department will be created to develop and implement strategies for generating income through Facebook pages. Generally, these pages are free despite being a potential hub for all of the company's marketing. This subdivision will help promote sales of Facebook pages in a manner that does not prevent members from creating the pages. In addition, the division will examine posts in these pages on a daily basis in order to customize advertisements and help members network and reach out to others within their area of interest with ease.

Third, the project will generate changes in Facebook's advertising strategy on mobile to help ensure the firm becomes part of the organic content consumed by its members or customers. While the firm will not introduce banner advertisements on its mobile application, sponsored stories will be transformed in a manner that is appealing to Facebook users. The Information Technology department will work collaboratively with the marketing department to developed sponsored stories and advertisements that fit the relatively tiny mobile screen. Together with the project team, this team will ensure the advertisements are not intrusive but appealing to users.

Facebook's marketing department will slow down the roll out of new products to ensure they are not confusing to targeted customers. The company has been rolling out new products very fast, which ends up confusing customers and failing to achieve desired marketing objectives (Edwards, 2012). Through this process, the marketing department will constantly collaborate with the preferred marketing developers (PMD) via existing channels to ensure new products are rolled out in a seamless and effective manner. While Facebook will maintain its focus on moving fast, the speed of new products' roll out will be effectively managed so that advertisements are effective.

The final aspect of operations that will be transformed by this project is increased use of video rather than display advertising. Facebook's marketing and IT department will capitalize on its large video servers across the world to increase use of video advertising. These two departments in collaboration with the project team will focus and develop capacity on the advertising side of video, which is gaining traction across social media platforms. Therefore, daily advertising will involve creation of display ads as well as video ads and targeting them to desired customers.

Application of Information Systems Management to Facebook's Marketing Problem

Information systems management is an important aspect in addressing this managerial challenge given that Facebook services involve the use of information technology and associated systems. Information systems management basically entails support from information systems including information technology during and after implementation of the project. The ability of the project team and marketing department to accomplish the objective of transforming marketing approaches and practices at Facebook is influenced by support from information systems. In essence, the project team and market department will be unable to deal with this managerial challenge without effective information systems and technology. The role of information systems in this case is not limited to the implementation stages of the project but also covers post-implementation stages and activities.

During the implementation of the project, information systems will provide relevant information to support marketing decision making. In this case, information systems will help in establishing marketing information systems that will help in gathering disparate data into a coherent body of information (Food and Agriculture Organization, n.d.). The project team will utilize the marketing information system as the basis of conducting a review of existing marketing approaches and practices. They will obtain information regarding current practices and use it for decision-making in designing and implementing new marketing approaches based on desired objectives. In addition, the marketing information system will be used by the project team to create a marketing intelligence system, which will influence strategic, control, and operational decisions in relation to this managerial challenge.

In the aftermath of the project's implementation, information systems will help in regular evaluation and making necessary changes to adopted approaches based on its merits and demerits. The marketing information system will help in assessing the project's effectiveness through control decisions and measures adopted in the design and execution of the marketing approaches and practices. Facebook's management will also use the marketing information system to develop and/or identify extra measures to offer needed marketing information and initiatives that can be used to enhance the project's effectiveness. The information will then be integrated with company-wide enterprise systems for enhanced effectiveness of Facebook's marketing strategies (Kalb, 2013). Therefore, information systems help in assessment of the project and implementation of necessary changes for enhanced effectiveness of the proposed marketing and advertising strategies.

Assignment of the Project Team

Facebook's ability to deal with this managerial challenge requires establishment of an effective project team with specific tasks for individual members. The assignment of the project team is identified through determining the existing problem and the objectives of the project. This is primarily because project teams need to interact with organizational culture, its various departments, and customers (Southern Polytechnic State University, n.d.). The main objective of this project team is to address Facebook's marketing problem and enable the company to remain attractive to younger users and expand advertising. Therefore, the assignment of this team includes identifying the specific causes of current marketing problems and designing and executing new advertising approaches to address the problem.