Nurses' preparedness in identifying intimate partner violence cases

¶ … Gender Violence

The study sought to assess the nurses' preparedness in identifying and providing nursing care to women exposed to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and gone for primary medical health care.

State the problem directly from the article.

There is a problem with nurses' capability and preparedness in identifying and providing nursing care to women as subjects of this study harmed by their partners.

Does the problem statement clearly identify the independent and dependent variables? Identify the variables.

The problem clearly identifies the independent and dependent variables. The dependent variables include the provision of healthcare to patients who have suffered from intimate violence while the independent variable is the nurse's preparedness in identifying and providing care to these patients.

c. Does it imply empirical testability?

The study does not imply empirical testability. It is a matter of assessment.

d. Is the population specified within the problem statement?

The population has been specified within the problem. The population here refers to the women who have suffered from the intimate partner violence and have come for primary health care services.

a. Are the independent and dependent variables adequately reviewed?

The independent and the dependent variables have been adequately reviewed. They form the basis of the research topic, the research questions and everything that is needed to achieve the objective of the study. The interconnection of the dependent and the independent variables gives way for the realization of the theme within the study and hence the processing of the data and analysis even to the making of the conclusions and recommendations.

b. Are strengths and weaknesses of each study included in the review?

The review has not had so much into the strengths and the weaknesses of each of the study that has been reviewed. The reviews have explored on the issue of IPV and its occurrence in different parts of the world like in Sweden (Sundborg et. al. 2012). The review has explored on what is being done to deal with the medical issue, within the healthcare fraternity and the societies, among others. Further, the reviews have given ways to understanding the common issues that are relevant to women who are suffering from the consequences of IPV. The study has not delved so much into the strengths and weaknesses critically but has revealed how the information within these reviews can be interpreted to give further studies in the future.

c. Does the literature link the variables?

The literature provides linkages between the variables. The variables, independent and dependent, and notable within the study. They make for the realization of the key principles that hold the study together. The items that have been explored within the literature include the nurses and their preparedness to deal with the detection of IPV, the adversity that has been brought with the IPV in many societies and among many patients, and the ultimate effects of IPV in the individual patients and the entire society together with the medical fraternity.

d. Does the review include conceptual and data-based literature?

The review does not include the conceptual framework. Nonetheless, it contains data-based literature. The literature has acquired information from scholars and researchers like Mckenna of 2005 and Cutliffe of 2005. These researchers offer intermediately knowledge that assists in realizing the most important aspects of treatment of IPV victims. The scholars give the study more about the diverse effects of IPV on patients especially in the case that the nurses do not detect them. The studied literature brings out information from studies done in Sweden. Most of the facts labeled in the study arise from the different studies that have been done globally and with different scholars involved.

e. Are mainly primary sources used?

Most of the sources that have been used in the study are secondary sources. Nonetheless, the study has revealed its primary data and used the same to cover its objectives.

f. Are the sources current?

Most of the sources that have been used in the study are discovered from studies done some years back. The sources have a wide range of almost a decade of existence, with some being current.

g. Any synthesis summary for the reviewed literature?

The reviewed literature has been superficially synthesized as a way of connecting it to the topic of the study. The synthesis is done for some sources that serve to inform the study of its fundamental strengths, validity, and the likelihood of reliability.

h. Are conceptual and operational definitions clearly identified?

The essential definition of terms was not clearly provided in his study.

I. Are gaps or inconsistencies identified?

The analysis of the literature has highlighted the necessity of looking into the inconsistencies within the nurses and organizations dealing with patients with IPV problems (Sundborg et. al. 2012).

1. Theoretical Framework:

a. Is the theoretical framework clearly identified?

The theoretical framework has not been clearly oriented but can be visible from the diversified understanding and integration of various study areas highlighted within the literature review.

b. Is the theoretical framework consistent with the conceptual definitions?

The theoretical framework has consistency with the conceptual definitions. The definitions are part of the extended conceptual framework and serve to increase more depth into the mastery of the subject at hand.

c. Is the theoretical framework based on a nursing theory?

The nursing theory that has been used within the theoretical framework highlights the significance of the nurse preparedness to deal with divergent issues in the nursing fraternity. The theory highlights the difficulties and misconceptions that often interfere with the normal way in which nursing is practiced effectively.

1. Hypotheses/Research Question:

a. Are the hypotheses/research questions clearly identified?

The hypothesis has been clearly identified in the study.

b. State the hypotheses/research questions.

The hypothesis is that nurses show some lack of preparedness to offer medical attention to victims of IPV.

c. Do the hypotheses/research questions clearly relate to the research problem?

The hypothesis connects to the research question in that it highlights the correlative aspects of the research question.

d. Do the hypotheses/research questions express a predicted relationship between the variables?

The research questions and the hypothesis connect the variables.

e. Are the hypotheses/questions supported by the literature review?

The literature expounds on the hypothesis and the questions possibly bringing out more conceptual meaning within them.

f. If research questions are used, have they used appropriately?

There are no specific research questions indicated within the study. Possible questions highlight the different perspectives within the design process of the study.

1. Design:

a. What type of design is used in the study?

Questionnaires are used to collect data from the respondents. Survey design has been largely used in the study.

b. Does the design control for threats to the internal validity of the study? If so, how?

The design controls less of the threats to the internal validity by offering a distinct method of collecting data that will be deemed to have less bias.

c. Are threats to the external validity taken into consideration? If so, how?

Threats to the internal validity are taken into consideration with the use of a large randomized sample for responses.

PART II:

5. Sample:

a. How was the sample selected? Was a probability or non-probability method used?

The sample was randomly selected. The sample selected was based on probability sampling.

b. What kind of bias, if any, was introduced by this method?

The likely bias that is found in this study is that of selecting the respondents without having to hear from the women suffering from IPV and nurses have failed them through their inadequate attendance.

c. To what extent is the sample representative of the population?

The sample represents all the nurses who, at any point in their delivery of services, are likely to encounter adult women who might have faced the challenge of IPV.

d. Are eligibility criteria and delimitations clearly identified?

Eligible criteria have been depicted with the study dwelling on the possibility of being correct. Delimitations have not been made as part of the hindrances expected to the study.

e. Is the sample size adequate?

The sample size is adequate since not many characteristics are to be tested from the study. Even with the withdrawal of some subjects, the sample size used is quite practicable.

f. How was the sample size determined?

The sample was selected using randomization process.

g. Are there indications that the rights of the subjects have been insured?

The rights of the subjects have been insured since they are not coerced to give results, together with their identities being protected from access to the public. Informed consent is also sorted before the study.

7. Data Collection:

a. Are data collection instruments clearly identified?

Data collection instruments are clearly identified as questionnaires

b. Is the method appropriate for the problem being studied?

The method of study is quite appropriate for the method of study. The method requires just collecting immediate feedback from the respondents and communicating the same for further analysis and conclusions.

c. Are data collection procedures similar for all subjects?

Data collection procedures are similar for all subjects and hence there is uniformity in everything that is being done.

d. Are instruments reliable and valid? Were reliability and validity established before the study?

The instruments are equitable, applicable, and in good condition. Reliability and validity were established before the study.

e. What methods were used to test reliability and validity?

Reliability was tested by subjecting different respondents to the study before the actual day of collecting data.

8. Data Analysis:

The data were analyzed using statistical software STATA 9.0. The study used Pearson's chi-square test to test the statistical significance of the findings.

a. Was the level of measurement appropriate for the statistics used?

The level of measurement highlighted enough results for this size of the study

b. What descriptive statistics were reported?

Descriptive statistics, which were in the form of frequency tables, were created to explain the data regarding percentage distribution and number.

c. What inferential statistics were reported?

The number of respondents who indicated incompetence in dealing with IPV was enough to highlight the problem

d. Was the inferential statistics used appropriately for the hypothesis?

The inferential statistics were summarized well and served to highlight the validity of the hypothesis with the use of further statistical formulas.

e. Is the level of significance reported?

The level of significance has been reported as with the size of the sample required and that used by the study.

f. Is the reliability reported for the current study?

Reliability is seen with the consistency of the results that are supporting hypothesis made earlier by the study.

9. Analysis of Findings/Discussion

Organizations and individual nurses are not prepared enough to offer IPV patients medical care. Most nurses and organizations do not have the necessary programs and plans needed for this activity.

a. Were the hypotheses/research questions supported?

The hypothesis that there is a problem with nurse preparedness is supported by the results that there is such unpreparedness by the nurses. The results of the study answer the research questions.

b. Are results interpreted in the context of the problem, hypothesis, and theoretical framework?

The results answer to the initial problem of the study, justify the hypothesis and detail its relationship with the theoretical framework that acted as the guide.

c. Are any generalizations made?

Many generalizations are made but are substantiated by the data

d. Are any unwarranted interpretations of causality made?

The unwarranted interpretations of the casualty are not made

e. Do charts, graphs, and tables support the text?

The charts, tables, and graphs demonstrate the theoretical data in different formats for presentation

10. Conclusions, Implications, Recommendations:

The study concludes that nurses lack equitable preparedness to deal with IPV patients. This means many of these patients will continue to suffer, even including their children. There is a need to have programs in health institutions to cater for this.

a. Are the results summarized in a clear, concise manner?

The results are clear and concise in their presentation.

B. Are the results supported by the literature?

The result that there are shortcomings from the side of the nurses to deal with IPV is supported by evidence right from the study itself

c. Are the limitations of the study identified?

The study identifies limitations that the confidence changes in the regression models were wider, bringing the issue of low statistical power. Of all the respondents served with questionnaires, 83 of them did not bring them back, limiting the study as earlier intended.

d. Are implications for nursing practice identified?

Nursing practice will not be universally helpful if the nurses continue to have shortcomings towards the delivery of healthcare services like this.

e. Are recommendations for future research discussed?

The study has recommended that there should be individual and organizational plans to instill skills to nurses on how to serve IPV patients

Reference

Sundborg, E. M., Saleh-Stattin, N., Wandell, P., and Lena Tornkvist (2012). Nurses' Preparedness o Care For Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: A Quantitativestudy in Primary Health Care. BMC Nursing Journal, 201211:1. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6955- 11-1