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Seriously, a reader cannot be certain that RAD is the key problem with T, who has had prenatal exposure to alcohol, marijuana and cocaine and has experienced "abuse and neglect" (Lyon p. 644). The article brings in the possibility that FASD or PTSD may be appropriate in describing "T" -- a 12-year-old Hispanic boy. But what stands out in the intervention of T. is the litany of medications given to T. while he was institutionalized due to wild and violent behaviors: Risperidone (3 mg); clozapine (200 mg); valproic acid (750 mg); guanfacine (4 mg); and desmopressin (0.6 mg).
In addition, T received chlorpromazine (50 mg every 2 hours) and Benadryl (50 mg every 4 hours) (Lyon p. 645) to curb his aggression. What also stands out is the disclosure that Lyon received money from Eli Lilly to conduct this research on T. How much credibility does an author have in this matter when he is tied to Eli Lilly? "No psychopharmacological controlled trials for RAD have been conducted" Lyon asserts, and the "efficacy" of using drugs on RAD and/or PTSD is as yet unclear. So drugs administered to control T. did not help in determining if he had ADHD, FASD, RAD, PTSD, or all. Again, a reader sees confusion rather than results. (2008). Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy:
Conclusion: And so, can a child exhibiting RAD symptoms become more "normal" with warm loving care? The "Mental Health America of Eastern Missouri" contradicts information that this paper referenced earlier: "A child with this disorder will not be able to open themselves up to love regardless of how loving the adoptive family is" (Viviano, MHA). Meantime, research shows that parents adopting children internationally are under greater risk for RAD because "families have a more difficult task obtaining…information" on the complete mental health background and "inherited temperament" of the biological parents (Rogu, 2008).
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Psychopharmacology, 18(6), 641-646.
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Rogu, George. (2008). Reactive Attachment Disorder. International Adoption Stories. Retrieved May 12, 2009, from http://www.internationaladoptionstories.com/rad.htm.
Viviano, Beth. (2006). Open Mind. Mental Health America of Eastern Missouri. Retrieved May
13, 2009, from http://www.mhagstl.org/OM-ReactiveAtt.htm.
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American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2008). Reactive Attachment Disorder.
Retrieved May 13, 2009, from http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families//reactive_attachment_disorder.
Becker-Weidman, Arthur, and Hughes, Daniel. (2008). Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy:
An evidence-based treatment for children with complex trauma and disorders of attachment.
From http://www.cdc.gov.
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Tori J. is a 12-year-old girl who was removed from her family at the age of 8, when she was placed with a foster family. Although her foster mother discussed some episodes of violence and defiance in the home, Tori was not initially violent or defiant in school. However, she frequently failed to complete her assignments, instead spending hours simply looking into space. She also spoke frequently to social
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Special Education About the Child Pietro is a 7-year-old boy. His biological parents are Argentine and Colombian. He was born approximately six weeks prematurely because of his mother's consumption of alcohol throughout the duration of her pregnancy. According to medical reports, his mother did not consume heavy quantities of alcohol, but she did consume nominal amounts on a regular basis, such as one to three times a week, nearly