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I do not believe that wearing glasses or make-up is wrong, even though this is an enhancement of the human body by improving one's life by being able to see, or covering blemishes and unsightly birthmarks that might make an individual self-conscious. Is selecting the best sperm donor really so much different than a man or a woman basing his or her choice of a mate upon that individual's appearance, intelligence, and lack of unpleasant 'skeletons' in the genetic closet? Svaulescu's idea that one has a moral obligation to screen for genetic defects or to personally improve the human race through reproduction makes one queasy, but the idea of leaving everything up to nature, in theory, would mean an end of folic acid for pregnant women or even birth control.
But really, the ultimate argument for allowing patients to attempt to engineer their offspring by selecting 'better sperm'...
Although genetics undeniably plays a factor in terms of passing on heritable diseases, on the other hand, there is no sure-fire way to predict a child will be a music prodigy or an Einstein, based upon his or her genetic history. So parents and scientists may attempt to 'engineer' away, but aside from limiting the transmission of certain specific genetic diseases that run in families, it is likely that we as a species still have less control over our future prodigy than we would like to admit. There may be a genetic coding for cystic fibrosis, but not for a talent at literature -- tendencies can be predicted, not absolutes. Although identical twins share more similarities with one another than the general population, even individuals with the same genetic makeup and environment still exhibit differences. Thus, even if Svaulescu's ideal society came into being, the discrepancies between what can be predicted through engineering would thwart his attempts at improvement, and since attempts at genetic engineering have been made, one could ask -- has the number of geniuses really increased in the world, not measured on IQ tests, but in terms of great work that has been done in the world by the scientifically 'engineered'?
Advanced Directive The 1991 the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) was designed to give patients and their families greater autonomy over making decisions in regards to end-of-life care and minimizing the extension life beyond what would be considered a 'quality' level. It has been said that "advanced care planning increases the quality of life of dying patients, improves the experience of family members and decreases health care costs" for patients of a
Advanced directive may be one of the most important and underutilized tools in estate planning and health planning. This is partially due to the stigma that people have about advanced directives, as if, by planning how to deal with health issues, they are somehow going to cause health problems. However, the reality is that most people will encounter at least one medical emergency during their lifetime. In the event that
However, it does mean that some things will be different from the normal line of treatment. ("Advance Medical Directives.," n. d.); (Feldman, Mitchell D; Christensen, John F. (2007) The fact that resuscitation of a patient through CPR will not add significantly to the quantity and quality of life is an indication that death may not be very far off and that medicine does not have the power to turn around
advance directives. The writer explores what they are and possible solution to reduce problems with them. There were three sources used to complete this paper. The past few decades have seen an increase in law suits revolving around the final medical wishes of those who fall ill. Media coverage has provided the nation with front row coverage when it comes to people in comas, vegetative states, and no hope of
For example, Wissow and colleagues (2004) collected gender, age, ethnicity, and levels of clinic/ED use. This information may provide valuable insight into who is most likely to create an advanced directive in response to the intervention. The time frame for the study was not mentioned or how long after the intervention the survey instrument would be presented to intervention participants. This could be relevant because some individuals exposed to
The DPAHC permits a person to name a successor to their proxy in the event that the proxy dies or otherwise not capable to assist in making choices at the time of need. It also permits a person to ascertain other constraint for boundaries of power. In most states it would also be legal to unite the two documents if a person wanted to (Cranston, n.d.). Discussions with relatives, legal