Mixture, Compounds, Covalent and Ionic Bonds Describe

Mixture, Compounds, Covalent and Ionic Bonds

Describe difference a mixture a compound Suppose a pure substance. How a compound element? What difference ionic a covalent bond? Explain ionic compounds formed a metal left side periodic table reacts a nonmetal side.

Mixtures are composition of two or more substances which are not chemically combined and do not exist in fixed proportions to each other. For instance when you take two components, an iron and Sulphur powder, the two when mixed together can be separated by physical means since they are not chemically combined i.e. with the use, of a magnet. Mixtures have the following characteristics which differentiates it from compounds. They include; mixtures can be disintegrated by the use of a physical method, the substance which form the mixture normally retain their properties, mixtures do not have a sharp melting point, they also have no fixed composition, and lastly a mixture is an impure substance Zumdahl, 2007()

A compound can be termed as any number of liquids, solids, or gases as long as they are chemically bonded. A compound has the following characteristics which differ from those of a mixture. They include; compounds are pure substances, the composition in it is fixed throughout the mass, it cannot be separated through any physical method therefore; they are only separated by chemical means by destroying the compound first, it has a fixed melting point, and lastly, the elements in the mixture are known to lose their property Zumdahl & DeCoste, 2010()

These compounds often combine to form chemical compounds in two categories. These include the ionic and covalent compounds. Ionic compounds are formed when nonmetal reacts with the metals. This compound comes about when the positive and negative ions either subtracts or add electrons from neutral molecules and atoms Pauling, 1988.

An example being a reaction between sodium and chloride to form sodium chloride as the end reacted compound.

Ionic compounds have the following characteristics, which include; they have a high melting and boiling point, they have a strong attraction forces between them, they separate into charged particles in water to release a solution that is capable of conducting electricity for instance, dissolving of solid sodium chloride (NaCl) into water will form aqueous sodium and chlorine ions both having opposite charges, and lastly, they are solid like such as table salt (NaCl(s)).

On the other hand, covalent compounds are formed when the two nonmetals or more combines. The end product consists of neutral molecules. An example is a composition between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form an end product known as water.

Covalent compounds have the following characteristics, they include; covalent compounds exists as neutral molecules, they can also exist in the state of liquids, solids or gases, they usually have a low boiling and melting point, they have weak attraction forces between their molecules hence the low boiling and melting points, and lastly, they retain they molecules in water, therefore, lacking the ability to conduct electricity.

A pure substance is any substance that has a single type of material in it. You can tell whether a substance is an element of a compound by finding out whether it is homogenous or heterogeneous just by the look of it. In addition, you can tell whether a pure substance is an element or a compound by trying to break it down further either by physical means or chemical means. If it does not disintegrate to other forms of substances, then it is a pure substance. When the substance cannot be separated through any means then it is said to be an element but, when it can only be separated through the chemical means then it is said to be a compound Myers, 2007()

An element is a pure substance made up of one kind of atom with the same atomic number, which cannot be further divided into smaller units or substance through any chemical or physical means. These elements can be natural occurring or physically prepared, and they are divided into four groups, which include; Metals (Zinc, iron, copper etc.), Metalloids (tin, Arsenic, bismuth etc.), Noble gases (helium, neon, argon etc.) and lastly, the Non-metals (sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus etc.). Whereas, compounds are pure substances, which are composed, of either two or more different atoms which are chemically bonded to one another and can only destroyed by chemical means which when broken down forms elements Zumdahl & DeCoste, 2010.

These atoms are normally combined in stipulated proportions. Pure compounds can only be separated using a suitable chemical technique, but the properties of these compounds are absolutely different from that of their elements that constitute the compound.

Ionic compounds are known to form when nonmetals react with metals. When a metal on the left side of the periodic table, reacts with a nonmetal, it loses its free electrons in its outermost energy level in order to form a stable bond. At the same time, the nonmetal on the right side of the periodic table will have a high affinity for extra electrons to form an octet state in its outermost energy level which is more stable Myers, 2007()

Some examples of ionic compounds include; the reaction between copper and oxygen to form copper II oxide.