Job Satisfaction and Nurses

¶ … PICO/PIO development

Key term

Child

Salbutamol

Alternatives

Paediatric, pediatric, infant

Albuterol, ventolin

How would you describe your Participant, Patient, or Population group?

Female hospital worker age 20 to 45

What characteristics of your Patient/s are important? Age, gender, condition, etc. can all be significant.

What Intervention are you interested in?

Intervention

8-hour shift

Work shift 8 hours long

Defining the Intervention is often the central part of PICO.

What alternative or different option do you want to Compare your intervention to?

Comparison

12-hour shift

Work shift 12 hours long

You might want to Compare the chosen intervention to usual care, to another intervention or to no intervention.

What measurable Outcome/s are you interested in?

Outcomes

burnout

Nurse fatigue

Outcome is the final aspect of PICO. Some examples include: symptoms of asthma, accuracy of diagnosis or mortality.

2. Reformatted (PICO) Clinical Question

In healthcare providers working in a hospital (nurses) (P component) how does an 8-hour shift (I component) compared with a 12-hour shift (C component) effect burnout (O component).

3. Systematic Search Strategy for literature to support proposal

Fill out the systematic search strategy for your question -- add or delete lines as necessary.

P

Key terms and MESH terms: (note which terms were also MESH terms in your search)

1

Nurses

2

Healthcare providers

3

Hospital employees

4

RNs

5

_1_ OR__2_OR__3_OR__4_... (combine alternate terms for same topic) Nurses and Healthcare providers

6

8-hour work shift

7

8-hour shift

8

Average working hours

9

8 hours

10

9-5 shift

11

_6_ OR_7__OR_8__OR_9__... (combine alternate terms for same topic) 8 hours or average hours

12

12-hour shift

13

12-hour work shift

14

Overtime shift

15

Extended work shift

16

_12_ OR_13__OR_14__OR__15_... (combine alternate terms for same topic) 12-hour overtime

17

Burnout

18

Nurse fatigue

19

Nurse overwork

20

Nurse stress

21

_17_ OR_18__OR_19__OR__20_... (combine alternate terms for same topic) burnout fatigue

22

_5___AND__11__AND__16__AND__21 12-hour shift burnout nurse

O

C

I

1

RESEARCH PROPOSAL (Parts B. and C)

Part B: Literature Summary (10 marks, 500 words)

According to Dall'Ora, Griffiths, Ball, Simon and Aiken (2015), the 12-hour work shift for nurses is associated with higher levels of stress, burnout, and presents numerous safety risks for both patients and nurses and is thus not a good work shift for nurses. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional survey of more than 30,000 nurses in more than 450 hospitals throughout Europe. The study is helpful in highlighting negative outcomes associated with the 12-hour shift.

The study by Dall'Ora, Griffiths and Ball (2015) shows that in Europe the 12-hour work shift is also associated with decreases in job satisfaction levels and increases in nurse burnout. Their study indicates that the extended work shift can lead to higher turnover rates precisely because nurses get burned out. This study performs a systematic review of literature available on this subject. The study is helpful in showing that the 12-hour shift and its correlation with burnout among nurses is not an isolated incident but a phenomenon that occurs all over Europe.

Likewise, the study by Stimpfel, Sloane, and Aiken (2012) shows that the longer nurses work on a shift the more likely they are to experience burnout and the more likely patients are to feel dissatisfied with the quality of care they are receiving. This study utilizes survey data and analyses to assess outcomes associated with the 12-hour week. The study is helpful in showing that the longer nurses work a shift, the more likely they are to be fatigued.

Classen, Davis and Sutter (2016) compare outcomes of the 8-hour work shift vs. the 12-hour work shift for nurses. They perform a literature review to examine the effects of each on patient care and nurse fatigue. They find that further research is still needed in order to fully understand the relationship between the 12-hour shift and burnout and the 8-hour shift and burnout, though the findings that they uncover indicate that the 12-hour shift is more likely to result in burnout for nurses. The study is significant because it compares the two shifts that this study aims to compare and it provides some support for this study's work.

Han, Trinkhoff, and Geiger-Brown (2014) assess the variables associated with burnout and recovery for nurses who work 12-hour shifts. The purpose of their research is to identify factors that lead to fatigue and burnout and factors that lead to overcoming fatigue and burnout for nurses who work the 12-hour shift. The researchers conducted a survey of 80 nurses to find out their experiences related to the 12-hour shift and fatigue and how they recovered. The researchers indicate that fatigue management is necessary to help nurses avoid burnout and healthier work shifts are needed so as to avoid psychological stress and emotional drain. The study is helpful for showing what precise variables are associated with burnout and recovery among nurses working a 12-hour shift.

Part C: Proposal methods (30 marks)

(It might be useful to look at the CASP tools while you are working on this section. You have now appraised articles, so what information would you be looking for in a methods section?)

1. Study aim

Clearly state the purpose of the research project and then provide key research question(s) that will help you to address this aim.

This study aims to test whether the 8-hour shift is more conducive to maintaining nurses' health than the 12-hour shift. The research question that will help to address this aim is: How does the 8-hour shift compare to the 12-hour shift in relation to burnout among nurses?

2. Sample and setting

The population that will be used in this study consists of nurses at a local hospital.

3. Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Nurses from every sector of the hospital will be included in the survey, including emergency, neonatal, nurse practitioner, registered nurses, and so on.

4. Study design

The study design will be a cross-sectional survey because it will give data that can be analysed regarding a specific group (nurses at a hospital) at a specific point in time. This design is appropriate because surveys provide quantitative data that can be analysed using a Likert-scale.

5. Intervention and study procedure

I will recruit participants by taking the survey to all the different nursing stations in the hospital. The respondents will have one week to fill them out, after which I will collect them and analyse the data. Only the health professional will be involved. The intervention will involve all nurses who work 8-hour shifts at the hospital. The comparison will take data from those nurses who work 12-hour shifts. Nurses will be categorized based on gender, age, and ethnicity as well as by type of nurse, experience level, and seniority.