Resuscitation Techniques Following Bupivacaine Toxicity

Resuscitation Techniques Following Bupivacaine Toxicity

Explain how you would overcome an affirmative defense of consent during an acquaintance rape investigation.

Consent is one of the most common defenses used by defendants in sexual assault cases. It is especially common for defendants to use consent as a defense when they are an acquaintance of the victim. Consent may be defined as an agreement given freely by an individual in regards to the sexual conduct or penetration in question. Consent is not constituted by a lack of physical or verbal resistance. Investigators must be trained to identify evidence that could be used to overcome defense of consent. Examples of this type of evidence are physical signs of struggle both on the victim and the offender. These signs could be in the form of physical bruising, cuts, abrasions, or torn out hair, as well as evident damage to clothing worn during the offense (Archambault & Faugno, 2001).

Describe how you would go about conducting an interview with a victim of a sexual assault.

The investigation of sexual assault cases is a sophisticated procedure, which necessitates specialized training on behalf of those involved in the intervention process. Training in interviewing techniques is especially important in order to sensitively yet accurately obtain information from sexual assault victims. After the victim is in initially made aware of their rights as a victim, an initial interview is conducted. Due to the intense emotional state of victims of sexual assault, it is crucial that investigators ensure that the number of times and number of individuals interviewing the victim are kept to a minimum. A single preliminary interview is often sufficient (Jurkanin, 1996).

Further on in the investigation, a more in-depth interview of the victim is conducted. Establishing rapport with the victim is important, and it is necessary for the interviewer to recognize and acknowledge to emotional condition of the victim. The interviewer must conduct the interview in a non-judgmental manner, and clearly explain to the victim the role of the interviewer and why certain questions are being asked. The interviewer should also ensure that the victim feels like they are an integral part of the criminal investigation (Jurkanin, 1996).

The specific components necessary for inclusion in an interview of a victim of a sexual assault are: 1) extent of injuries sustained by the victim; 2) what exactly happened; 3) the location of the attack; 4) how and where the offender fled; 5) if a weapon was involved; 6) determination as to whether the incident meets the criteria for sexual offense (Jurkanin, 1996).

Why is it so important for investigators to have victims recall the exact words the offender used during a sexual attack?

It is of the utmost importance that interviewers have victims recall the exact word used by the offender in order to establish whether or not force was used in the offense. This element is necessary to determine whether or not the offense can be considered to be aggravated sexual assault.

Explain why locating the point of origin is so important in arson investigation.

Determining the point of origin of a fire is a crucial first step in any investigation. This step is so important because it may illuminate the cause of the fire, and further identify whether the fire was criminal in nature. Fire investigation is difficult, due to the fact that evidence is often destroyed by the blaze. Before the cause of a fire can be determined, the point of origin must be identified. Often the point of origin of a fire is known, but the cause is not, and sometimes the reverse is true.

List and describe the several stages of a burglary investigation.

There are five main activities used by the authorities to respond to burglaries of dwellings (Coupe & Griffiths, 1995; p. 20):

the initial dispatch of a police unit in response to the burglary alert; normally fro the victim, and investigation at the scene. In general, one or two officers are dispatched and they take approximately 20 to 30 minutes at the scene.