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The most convincing interpretation might be that, as she contended, she did not foresee the consequences. Parks stated that "it was not a time for me to be planning to get arrested." (Reader 2005). So, if she was not considering the consequences, then she was not thinking rationally; if she was not thinking rationally, according to Aristotle, then she was not behaving virtuously. Since we should probably use Parks' own words as the best evidence, we should conclude that Aristotle would not consider her a particularly virtuous individual.
Confucius, alternatively, maintained that all human morality was held together by a single concept: ren, or natural humanistic love. Simply put, ren is a love and respect for all things human. To Confucius, a person can only achieve ren if they undergo an attainment of knowledge to the point where they reach a workable grasp of the place for each form of love. The rituals and education that bring about knowledge is li; the ultimate form of li is yi -- the highest principle governing the adoption of li. So, "The superior man, in the world, does not set his mind either for anything, or against anything; what is right he will follow." (Confucius IV, 10). From such a standpoint, Parks' indecisiveness with respect to the result of her action is inconsequential. Since she had already demonstrated her social awareness and humanly love by her involvement...
First, the position of the consequentialists is highly questionable in nearly every case imaginable. Second, although Aristotle's notion of virtue is not without merit, his division of spiritual happiness from bodily happiness is not wholly convincing. This is because there is little direct evidence to suggest that non-substantive happiness of the soul comes from rationality; also, people may not have time to critically reflect upon all of their actions and may, in fact, act impulsively or subconsciously in certain situations. I am inclined to believe that Rosa Parks acted with a notion of social justice in mind, but never gave serious thought to the notion that she would be arrested or that she would spark such a massive movement. In practical circumstances, she acted as she thought was right within the context of American society.
Works Cited
Confucius. The Analects. Reader 2005.
Ross, David. Aristotle: the Nichomachean Ethics. New York: Oxford, 1998.
Unknown. "Rosa Parks, 92, Founding Symbol of Civil Rights Movement,…
Works Cited
Confucius. The Analects. Reader 2005.
Ross, David. Aristotle: the Nichomachean Ethics. New York: Oxford, 1998.
Unknown. "Rosa Parks, 92, Founding Symbol of Civil Rights Movement, Dies." Reader 2005.
In "Piaf," Pam Gems provides a view into the life of the great French singer and arguably the greatest singer of her generation -- Edith Piaf. (Fildier and Primack, 1981), the slices that the playwright provides, more than adequately trace her life. Edith was born a waif on the streets of Paris (literally under a lamp-post). Abandoned by her parents -- a drunken street singer for a mother and a
(MACV Dir 381-41) This document is one of the first confidential memorandums associated with the Phoenix Program, which details in 1967 the mostly U.S. involvement in counterinsurgency intelligence and activities and discusses the future training and development of South Vietnam forces to serve the same function, that had been supported by the U.S. In civilian (mostly CIA) and military roles. The document stresses that the U.S. role is to
Rather than continue the process that began in the first two books, in which the Rosicrucian Order first announced themselves, gave their history, and then responded to certain criticisms while making their position within Christian theology clearer, the Chymical Wedding can almost be seen as the first instance of literature written within the Rosicrucian tradition, rather than as part of its manifesto-like founding documents, because it does not seek to
……South African Municipalities Municipal Revenue Loss Reduction through Improved Municipal Valuation Methodologies:Balance Sheet Enhancement of South African Municipalities to Improve Rates and Taxes Revenue GenerationAbstractThis study examines the property valuation process of Municipalities in South Africa and develops a strategy for strengthening that process in order to more efficiently value properties and ultimately to enhance municipal balance sheets and increase revenue streams. This study proposes an innovative valuation method based
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