Hall 2003 Scott (2003) Offers

Hall 2003

Scott (2003) offers definitions associated with three perspectives: a rational system definition (which focuses on normative structures), a natural system definition (which focuses on behavioral structure) and an open system definition (which focuses on organizations as component in large system of relation). Which of the three definitions is most helpful in understanding an organization?

In his article regarding organizational structure, Hall suggests that organizations are becoming an increasingly studied subject by a variety of disciplines, as they are extraordinarily important to a variety of cultural and sociological studies and implications. Whether they function as independent organisms, miniscule models of society, or highly formalized institutions, organizations can be classified under a variety of theoretical systems. Hall uses three definitions to discuss the differing views of organizations. The first, a rational system definition, is a rather rigid interpretation of the organization as an entity. In the rational system definition, organizations are characterized by fixed and rigid rules and regulations to which members must adhere. While the natural system definition contains these same rules and regulations, it differs from the rational system model in one key area -- behavior. With the rule or structure of the organization primary in the rational system model, this first model concentrates more heavily on the organization's formalities than its participants. The natural system model is the opposite of the first model, suggesting that formal rules and regulations, while existent, are not as important or influential as individual behavior. Finally, the open system definition suggests that each individual organization is a part of a larger scheme of movement in the universe. This definition suggests that organizations are not internal affairs that are wholly reliant on themselves, but instead "are open to and dependent on flows on personnel, resources, and information from outside" (Hall 2003).

While each of these definitions has its strengths and weaknesses when it comes to describing groups, the definition that best describes how organizations behave is the open system definition. In this scenario, organizations are not viewed as isolated entities, but instead are a part of the entire system of information and action in the world. This definition makes the most sense because most real-life examples of organizations fit this model. For instance, political organizations from the United States major political parties, like the Republicans and Democrats, special interest groups, like Green Peace, and terrorist organizations are often concerned with their own interests, but are still a part of the swirl of information that ripples around them. Political organizations make appeals to individuals and other organizations; special interest groups rely on the tests of universities and independent researchers, along with other special interest groups; and terrorist organizations are often involved with religious organizations. It is only a conglomeration of organizations that allows any one organization to achieve any accomplishment.