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Ratification of the Constitution
The Constitution. (2012). The White House. Retrieved:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/our-government/the-constitution
This website provides a clear, concise introduction to the reasons that a new constitution was needed to replace the Articles of Confederation, which was described as "firm league of friendship" between the states and could not raise funds from taxation. It describes the drafting of the new Constitution, and how the founders attempted to create a system of checks and balances, so the new leadership would not have a tyrannical position of authority like King George. It details the debate between the federalists and anti-federalists. It concludes with the rationale for including the Bill of Rights, which was a critical element in the agreement of some states to ratify the final document.
Constitutional law: An overview. (2012). Cornell Law. Retrieved:
http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/Constitutional_law
This website provides an introduction to the legal theory behind the Constitution and interpreting constitutional law in general. It examines the development of the three branches of U.S. government, as well as evolving powers of the government over time, like the power to tax. Constitutional law is interpreted through the process of judicial review, a power granted to the judiciary not spelled out in the Constitution. Critical components of existing law we now take for granted were not in the original document, but evolved, such as the power to invalidate any state actions not commensurate with federal law in the decision of McCulloch v. Maryland.
Marbury v. Madison. (2012). Landmark cases of the Supreme Court. Retrieved:
http://www.streetlaw.org/en/landmark/home
Marbury v. Madison is a U.S. Supreme Court case remembered for establishing the precedent of judicial review. It was decided on a technicality, and is less important today for the particulars of the case than the concept of 'constitutionality' and the right of the U.S. Supreme Court to declare laws and actions valid or invalid according to the Constitution. The website explains the case and the rationale behind the first U.S. Supreme Court's decision. It provides excerpts from the original opinion and other documents pertinent to the case.
Further, these writs, once issued, could be reused, and did not expire until the death of the reigning monarch (Knappman, 33). In Massachusetts, a group of colonial merchants, represented by James Otis, petitioned the Superior Court to refuse any new applications of writ following the death of George II. Otis, using the phrase "A man's house is his castle," argued in the case that the writs were a direct violation
Filburn harvested nearly 12 acres of wheat above his allotment. He claimed that he wanted the wheat for use on his farm, including feed for his poultry and livestock. Fiburn was penalized. He argued that the excess wheat was unrelated to commerce since he grew it for his own use. The question in the matter was: Is the amendment subjecting Filburn to acreage restrictions in violation of the Constitution
" The Fourteenth Amendment explicitly provided the same limitations on the individual state's as existed for the federal government in regards to civil liberties and protections, and therefore the same exclusionary rule based on the Fourth Amendment was held to apply to state proceedings. This directly overturned the ruling in Wolf v. Colorado, which stated explicitly that the Fourteenth Amendment did not disallow illegally obtained evidence from being used in
As, it declined from: 24% (in 1994) to 16% (by 2008). While at the same time, wage increased from $3,814 in 1996 to $7,870 in 2009. The below table is illustrating the overall scope of these changes in income during this time. (Villareal, 2010) Annual Income Levels in Mexico from 1996 to 2009 Year Annual Income 1996 $3,814.00 2000 $6,293.00 2004 $7,239.00 2009 $7,870.00 (Villareal, 2010) These different figures are important, because they are showing how once NAFTA was ratified, is when
UK Immigration Act of 1971 and Its Enforcement with Respect to Administrative Removal/Deportation when Articles 3 and 8 of European Convention of Human Rights are Engaged Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, many observers stated that "nothing would ever be the same again" and in some ways they have been absolutely correct. While the United Kingdom continues its inexorable march to become fully integrated into the burgeoning European
Benjamin Franklin termed himself a pragmatic deist. He believes "there is one Supreme must perfect being," however that this being is distant, and that it is not necessary to build a personal relationship with such a supreme God. He concluded that it was useful and correct to believe that a faith in God should inform our daily actions. However, he did not believe in sectarian dogma, burning spirituality or deep