Securing the Electronic Transfer Securing

Securing the Electronic Transfer

Securing the Electronic Frontier

The focus of this paper is to provide the annotated biographies of the three articles that focus on the cyber crimes and securities. Rosenzweig, (2012) argues in his article titled "The International Governance Framework for Cybersecurity" that cyber security is very essential because cyberspace is a domain without a distinct border. Essentially, internet has become an electronic large scale without border where more than 2 billions send one thousand trillions of emails annually. Moreover, million of new domains are registered every second making the scope of internet as broad as globe. In the last 40 years, nation-states have not identified the internet as a threat to national security. With growth of the internet, the internet has acquired immense influence and power having ability to spread, and run nuclear power plants as well as changing government. With the internet's immense power, Rosenzweig, (2012) identifies the need for the internet's governance. Fundamental question is who will be responsible for the internet governance? The author identifies the existing internet governance structure as ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigning Names and Numbers) and the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). However, the current governance systems are not effective. Many stakeholders are now calling the United Nations to implement effective governance for the use of internet.

Goel, (2011) in his article titled "Cyberwarfare: Connecting the Dots in Cyber Intelligence" identifies cyber-warfare as a potent weapon used for political conflicts. Typically, increasingly number of countries is using cyber as an offensive weapon on adversaries. The strategies include hacking the networks of adversaries. Since 1999, the web of the U.S. government has been the target of attack, and cyber-warfare has become a source of attack, which include denial-of-service, and website defacement leading to a large-scale failure of the public internet network. Sometimes the cyber attackers target corporate organizations where the penetrators are traced to China and Russia. The author suggests that nations must invest in both cyber defenses as well as cyber deterrent to build an offensive capability.

Berkowitz, and Hahn (2003) argue, in their article titled "Cyber-security: Who's Watching Store?" that people are already familiar with the negative side of IT (information technology). The threats of IT warfare range from IT thefts to cyber-warfare. Since IT has become tightly interwoven with life of people globally, people are increasingly getting to understand the potential harm of cyber warfare on electronic infrastructures. Thus, the U.S. governments have implemented different measures to combat cyber crimes; however, the measures are not effective. The authors suggest that both government and organizations must collaborate to make the internet more secured.

Part II: Securing the Electronic Frontier

In the contemporary IT environment, the IT and internet has become interwoven in every aspect of people's life. Typically, many people and businesses globally are so accustomed with the internet use and it is difficult to separate their everyday activities from the IT use. Despite the importance of the internet to individuals and businesses, increasingly number of people and businesses are vulnerable to IT theft and cyber warfare. Essentially, securing the electronic frontier is very critical because of the potential harms that cyber crime and fraud cause to individual, businesses and nations as a whole.

One of the effective strategies that could be employed to secure the electronic frontier is the collaboration of the government with the private and public organizations. Increasing number of governments has implemented method to secure the electronic frontier without success. Since corporate organizations are more equipped to counter IT threats than the government, a collaboration of the government with organizations will be more effective.

Moreover, the international organizations such as the United Nations should also play effective roles in securing electronic frontier. The United Nation should make a law to ensure that all member nations are obliged to secure electronic transfer in their respective nations since lack of cross-border treaties for data sharing is creating havoc to corporate organizations. Essentially, some countries such as Russia and China are assisting some organizations to engage in cyber crimes, which are causing harming to corporate organizations. Thus, there is a need to adopt international treaty to govern the cyber conflict.

Some countries are beginning to implement restrictions on cyber traffic and specific IP address. Some countries have even gone to the length of banning electronic communications with foreign countries. Banning and censorship are not the ideal method of governing the electronic border since increasingly number of people and corporate organizations are relying on IT and internet to survive. Effective strategy to combat IT warfare is for the government to assist private and public organizations in their respective countries to prevent potential IT threats.

Hacktivism is the act of carrying out the hacking with a political motive. Pakistani Cyber Warriors are the example of political hacktivists. On the other hand, trespass and unauthorized access are the acts of break into the websites of corporate organizations or government. Spammers or interference on website of other people or organizations is trespass. For example, the court convicted seven Milwaukee teenagers for computer trespassing. Although, they claimed they were playing games.