" (Bramel and Simchi-Levi, 1993)
The work of Wolsey (2006) reports a study of two lot-sizing problems and that each of these have time windows that have been recently proposed. It is stated that for the case of production time windows, both of which the client's specific order is required to have reached the end of production in a specified time period and it is reported by Wolsey that derived is "tight extended formulations for both the constant capacity and uncapacitated problems to the problem in which the time windows can be ordered by time." p.471
According to Wolsey, also demonstrated is "equivalence to the basic lot-sizing problem with upper bounds on the stocks. It is related that here derived is "polynomial time dynamic programming algorithms and tight extended formulation for the uncapacitated and constant capacity problems with general costs." (Wolsey, 2006, p.471) a similar approach is used to derive tight extended formulation for the problem and uncapacitated problems with non-speculative costs with delivery time windows. (Wolsey, 2006, paraphrased)
The work of Terzi and Cavalieri (2004) entitled: "Simulation in the Supply Chain Context: A Survey" states that "modern industrial enterprises operate in a rapidly changing world, stressed by even more global competition, managing world-wide procurement and unforeseeable markets, supervising geographically distributed production plants, striving for the provision of outstanding products and high quality customer service." p.2
Companies that are not willing to adapt to these changes through periodically revising their strategies and modifying processes in the organization are at a critical risk of losing their competitive edge. (Terzi and Cavalieri, 2004, paraphrased) There has been a great deal of emphasis on the last ten years on the needs of organizations to "smooth their physical boundaries in favor of a more integrated perspective..." (Terzi and Cavalieri, 2004) p.3
Simulations can be carried out "according to two structural paradigms" according to Terzi and Cavalieri and those two are stated as follows: (1) using only one simulation model, executed over a single computer...
A distributed execution of a simulation across multiple computers is stated to be for the following primary reasons: (1) to reduce execution simulation time; (2) to reproduce a system geographic distribution; (3) to integrate different simulation models that already exist and to integrate different simulation tools and languages; and (4) to increase tolerance to simulation failures. (Terzi and Cavalieri, 2004, p.6)
Conclusions stated by Terzi and Cavalieri (2004) include that experiments of the hybrid approach proposed resulted in verification that "the initial analytic solutions could not be accepted in the real world system having stochastic characteristics, which are not included in the analytic model." (2043) p. Also concluded by Terzi and Cavalieri was that the distribution model primary impacts production-distribution plans in the supply chain system proposed in their study.
Bibliography
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Solomon, Marius M. (1985) Algorithms for the Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problems with Time Window Constraints. Operations Research Vol. 35 No. 2, 1987 Mar-Apr.
Bent, Russell and Hentenryck (2004) a Two-Stage Hybrid Local Search for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows. Transportation Science. Vol. 38 No. 4 Nov 2004.
Bramel, Julien and Simchi-Levi, David (1993) Probabilistic Analyses and Practical Algorithms for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows. Operations Research Vol. 44, No. 3 May-June…
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