Snakebite Smith, T. And H.

Snakebite

Smith, T. And H. Figge. (1991). "Treatment of Snakebite Poisoning." American Journal of Health Systems. 48 (10): 2190-96.

Snakebites occur about 8,000 times per annum in the United States. Fortunately, because of first aid knowledge and preventative measures, there are usually less than two dozen deaths from these injuries annually. Most U.S. snakes, in fact, are non-venomous, but some use a type of toxin that almost immediately begins to dissolve the flesh of those bitten. It is therefore prudent for everyone who may be hiking or travelling to an area in which snakebites are prominent to have some basic training regarding the first aid and emergency procedures surrounding the issue.

The outcome of a snake bit is dependent upon several issues: of course which species one interacts with; but the location of the bite (ankle vs. arm, for instance), the among of venom the snake is carrying at the time, the health conditions of the person who was bit, and the time it might take to render treatment. Unfortunately, once bitten, the typical human response is anxiousness and racing heart, all which tend to distribute the venom throughout the body quicker. It is also important to remember that bites from non-venomous snakes can be serious as well; lacerations or infections due to bacteria are quite common, and therefore should be taken seriously.

In the United States, most snakebites are caused by put vipers: rattlesnakes, copperheads, cottonmouths, and massasaugas. Because of the trade in exotic pets, however, there have been increasing incidents from toprical and Asian snakes like the Coral Snake or the cobra. The best advice regarding snakebite is a series of preventive measures.

When hiking in a snake infested area, wear boots that extend over the ankles and strong socks. The major of pit viper bites are, in fact, avoidable if the human would have seen the signals; slowly moved away from the snake, and/or, immediately left the snake's area. With humans being so large compared to snakes, snakes only bite when they feel threatened, or provoked. North American snakes are not as active in the night, so it is important to use a flashlight, avoid reaching into log areas or crevasses, or even to overturn rocks without being careful. Some snakes play dead, so ensure that the snake is indeed not breathing before you approach. This is particularly true for rock climbers since snakes enjoy basking on the warming rocks of a cliff.

If bitten, be sure to get away from the snake quickly, but cautiously.

Keep the victim lm and arm9out of shock).

Place the bitten area beneath the shoulder blades and hopefully have the victim lying down.

Do not give the patient anything to eat or drink; especially stimulants.

Try not to incise the would unless directed to by the physician.

Keep the victim as calm as possible and radio for help.

In remote areas, it is wise to carry a snake-bite kit, which usually includes a tourniquet and procedures for stabilizing the victim unless they can be moved to a physician. The bite may be cleared with soap and water, but not chemicals.

In cases where the species is unknown, it is important to keep as many identifiers ar possible so the type of snake may be identified.