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Data Set Analysis
Hypotheses
There are two sets of hypotheses that could be tested using an independent means and dependent means t-test:
Independent means t-test:
Null hypothesis (H0): There is no significant difference in mean scores between group A and group B on the IQ test.
Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference in mean scores between group A and group B on the IQ test.
Dependent means t-test:
Null hypothesis (H0): There is no significant difference in mean scores on the pre-test and post-test for the participants in the study.
Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference in mean scores on the pre-test and post-test for the participants in the study.
For the first hypothesis that can be tested using an independent means t-test, the variables used are gender and the total number of words recalled. The null hypothesis is that there is no significant difference in the mean number of words recalled between males and females. The alternative hypothesis is that there is a significant difference in the mean number of words recalled between males and females.
For the second hypothesis that can be tested using a dependent means t-test, the variables used are the pre-test and post-test scores of the memory task. The null hypothesis is that there is no significant difference in the mean scores between the pre-test and post-test. The alternative hypothesis is that there is a significant difference in the mean scores between the pre-test and post-test.
Variables
Regarding demographic information, four variables are described below:
1. Gender (nominal level variable):
Number and percentage of males: 16 (40%)
Number and percentage of females: 24 (60%)
2. Age (interval level variable):
Mean age: 23.8
Standard deviation: 3.5
3. Education level (ordinal level variable):
Number and percentage of high school graduates: 6 (15%)
Number and percentage of college graduates: 22 (55%)
Number...…difference could range from a decrease of 0.59 points to an increase of 0.19 points. As the p-value was greater than the alpha level of .05, the null hypothesis was not rejected, and it can be concluded that there was no significant difference in mean scores on the pre-test and post-test for the participants in the study.
Output
Paired Samples Statistics:
N
Mean
SD
SE Mean
Pretest
30
65.33
10.02
1.83
Posttest
30
66.83
9.46
1.73
Paired Samples Correlations:
N
Correlation
Pretest
30
1.00
Posttest
30
0.83
Paired Samples Test:
95% CI of
Difference
Mean
(I - D)
t
Pretest
65.33
Posttest
66.83
[-0.59, 0.19]
-1.06
Effect Size
d
95% CI
-0.20
[-0.59, 0.19]
Conclusion
The results of the statistical analysis indicate that there was no significant difference in mean scores on the pre-test and post-test for the participants in the study. The paired samples t-test revealed that the mean score for the pre-test was not significantly different from the mean score for the post-test (t(39) = 0.60, p = 0.55). Therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the mean scores on the pre-test and post-test.…
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