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Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production
Pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production
The parietal cells in the stomach are responsible for the production of gastric acid. Parietal cells contain secretory canaliculus, which produce gastric acid and release it into the gastric lumen. Gastric acid is produced as a response to the messages received through hormonal, paracrine, and neurocrine messengers (Schubert & Peura, 2008). The production of gastric acid undergoes three phases namely cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase. Gastrin, the major hormonal trigger of gastric acid production is produced by the G cells located in the pyloric mucosa of the stomach. The G cells will release gastrin in response to a meal. However, the Histamine 2 receptors are thought to be the primary stimulus for the secretion of gastric acid.
How GERD, PUD, and gastritis affect the stimulation and production of gastric acid
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive disorder caused by reflux of acid in the stomach. GERD is more commonly referred to as a heartburn. Hydrochloric acid is naturally produced in the human stomach, which signals the gastric gland to secret gastric acid, which contains the essential digestive enzymes for breaking down protein molecules to enable easy digestion (Kahrilas, 2003). There are instances when too much or too little acid is produced. Too much secretion of the acid in the stomach causes an acid reflux to the esophagus, which results in a heartburn. This condition leads to an increase in the stimulation and production of gastric acid in the stomach. Gastric acid is a trigger to the symptoms of GERD. Offering dietary and lifestyle changes can reduce the...
This mainly occurs due to the disturbance of mucosal integrity in the stomach, caused by local inflammation, which eventually leads to a mucosal defect. Based on the pathophysiology, the disease can be either acute or chronic. The pathophysiology would include those caused by anti-inflammatory drugs, excess acid secretion or transferrable etiology ulcers. There is a likely chance of a person suffering from PUD when they experience a massive secretion of gastric acid. Increased secretion of gastric acid mostly occurs to people who have increased parietal cells.
Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach's protective lining. Acute gastritis involves sudden severe inflammation, and chronic gastritis includes long-term inflammation that lasts for years if untreated. Gastritis is commonly caused by weaknesses in the stomach lining that allows digestive juices to inflame and damage it. There would be an increase in the production of gastric acid in the stomach of a person suffering from gastritis because their stomach wall would allow the acid to pass easily. Abnormal increase in the gastric secretion of the person would result in abdominal pain that would be caused by increased collision in the stomach.
How age affects the pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and gastritis
It has been noted through various research that GERD in infants and children is more common than earlier thought, but it is more prevalent amongst the elderly. The elderly may suffer from abnormal reflux of acid into the esophagus. Elderly people have weakened muscles, thus are more prone to…
References
Boeckxstaens, G. E., & Rohof, W. O. (2014). Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 43(1), 15-25.
Chait, M. M. (2010). Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Important considerations for the older patients. World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy, 2(12), 388.
Kahrilas, P. J. (2003). GERD pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 70(5), S4.
Konturek, P. C., & Konturek, S. J. (2014). Peptic Ulcer Disease Metabolism of Human Diseases (pp. 129-135). New York: Springer.
The digestive fluids that are secreted by the stomach glands aimed at breaking down solid food and to kill bacteria in the stomach are referred to as gastric juices. Gastric acid is produced by the gastric parietal cell located on the walls of the stomach. The region where the gastric juices are secreted into the lumen is the most acidic environment in the human body and is known as the
Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production The human body produces gastric acid in the stomach, primarily to digest proteins (Anand, 2015; Huether & McCance, 2012). It is composed o hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride. It digests proteins through the action of digestive enzymes and allowing digestive enzymes break down the long chains of amino acids from digested proteins. The production of gastric acid us regulated by the autonomous nervous system
There can also be changes to the ways in which the body defends itself against these acidic secretions; increased acid exposure can seriously damage or even destroy portions which are given undo exposure. For example, in some patients, the stomach is unable to defend itself from the caustic nature of the acid, which creates lesions in the lining, called gastric ulcers. How Age Might Impact the Pathophysiology of GERD, PUD,
Therefore, in cases unrelated to ileocecal valve malfunction, large distal bowel obstruction is a direct function of LaPlace's Law at the area of the cecum. For the same mechanical reason, the most frequent location of colonic perforation is also at the cecum because it is the area of the largest diameter, and therefore, most susceptible to rupture in comparison to areas smaller in diameter. 11. What are the major types
The Normal Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production In the words of Phan, Benhammou, and Pisegna (2015), “gastric acid secretion by parietal cells occurs in the fundus of the stomach, and is intricately regulated by various neuronal (vagal), paracrine (histamine, somatostatin) and hormonal factors” (387). As the authors further point out, there are two key phases in gastric acid secretion. These are the cephalic phase and the gastric phases. While
Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility According to Ramsay and Carr (2011), the stomach’s main function is food preparation for digestion as well as absorption by the intestines. In the words of the authors, “acid production is the unique and central component of the stomach’s contribution to the digestive process” (Ramsay and Carr, 2011, p. 977). The parietal cells are responsible for the secretion of acid in the stomach. As Lascelles and