Theory When Studying Theory Keep

¶ … Theory When studying theory keep in mind that there are four distinct definitions discussed in this chapter. These are positive, model, hypotheses, and normative. Positive theory refers to a conceptual pattern believed to describe or explain something (phenomena). Model theory is a way of interpreting reality that places a structure on that reality (it is a philosophical position). Hypothesis is a theory that entails making a prediction about something that will occur in the future based on a specific action.

Normative theory is a value stance as it states what the result should be. Positive Theory: It is important because actions are based on perceived patterns of behavior. Some are resistant in exploring positive theory and its effects on design because they are loath to let go of tried and true methods thus, eliminating the benefits it can offer.

The functions of positive theory in design are to make sense of the meaningless (economization of knowledge) and to raise consciousness with regard to behavior in built environments and build to accommodate these behaviors, keeping in mind that behavior is constantly changing. The author feels that positive theory is not value free. Though being value free is the goal, the very act of deciding to address specific design issues is value based (which items are important to that particular designer). Normative Theory: Can mean different things to different people.

Some believe that it concerns something that has been agreed upon while others believe it concerns what should be. The author opts for the latter definition. Normative theories are based on positive theories. Concepts of Theory in the Design Fields: Basic problem in design theory is that the focus has generally been on the experience people should have rather than what people actually experience.

When there is a conflict in the two, it has been assumed in the past that the user did not know how to properly use the environment. Per the author, the user should not be blamed for when the design does not meet user needs. All theories by individual designers on how the world works are biased because they are based on individual assumptions. It is important for designers to pay attention to information which leads to predictable results.

Major problem in theory and design is the lack of an explicit body of positive knowledge. The Nature of Positive Theory for Environmental Design: Based on many design failures, it is apparent that design needs to focus on the diversity of people and how they actually experience a designed environment, and make this focus systematic. The designer's understanding of the environment and how it affects people's lives is positive theory in practice.

In addition, hypotheses need to validate this understanding and a clear framework of the process needs to be put in place. A Conceptual Model of Architectural Theory: Very important to distinguish the differences of positive theory and normative theory. Positive.