Without some form of control group, it is unclear whether or not the change in cardiovascular response and adaptation found in the study was actually caused by the increased activity, or by something else.
Furthermore, the subject pool in this study was extremely small. Without a larger subject base, it is again more difficult to prove a causal relationship. Additionally, the lack of a control group and of such a small subject pool is a threat to the external validity of the study. Without a broader range of subjects, the researchers cannot justifiably generalize the findings of the study to the everyday settings of real life.
Since the experiment was very personalized, with a regimented exercise program, it is already difficult to generalize the results to the wider population. Since the subjects were well aware of the point of the study, there is a possible risk of reactivity on their part, such as more dedicated effort in the exercise program. Additionally, since it is assumed that the subjects were not continuously monitored, their knowledge of the point of the study may have affected outside variables that may contribute to...
Combating Drug Trade Along the Southwestern Border Proposed Strategy for Combating the Drug Trade along the Southwestern Border The issue of drug trafficking and smuggling has been a serious concern for both Mexico and the United States for decades. Mexico has been identified as the primary supplier of narcotics to the U.S., with the Southwestern border accounting for between 90 and 95% of all illicit drugs smuggled illegally into the U.S. market.
Continued use of some anti-migraine drugs has been found to lead to what is known as "rebound headache," a condition marked by frequent and chronic headaches, especially in the early morning hours. The condition can be prevented if the patient takes the drugs only on a doctor's supervision and when taken only in minimal doses. Those suffering from frequent attacks may need preventive therapy (Robinson 1999). There are alternative treatment
Parkland Hospital: A Dallas Icon The history of the City of Dallas would hardly be complete without consideration of Parkland Hospital and its contributions to the Dallas community. Parkland Hospital began in the Civil War Reconstruction era and has always maintained operations that were state of the art for the time. Parkland hospital has always aligned itself research and the academic community and it is for this reason that Parkland has
In some mammals with this capability, an unfertilized egg may begin developing into an embryo or the development can just stop. Investigators even suspected that the difficulties experienced by teams in mammal-cloning experiments were due to the absence of RNAs in the sperm. In cloning, scientists would take the DNA from a non-germ cell, add it to an egg denuded of its DNA and trick it into developing as
Nowadays, adolescent problem behavior is conceptualized as 2 empirically derived syndromes: externalizing problems (including delinquency and aggression) and internalizing problems (including depression, anxiety, and withdrawal) (Achenbach, 1991a, 1991b). Little is known about the structure of internalizing problem behavior. Accordingly, the first aim of this study is to examine the structure of externalizing and internalizing problem behavior during adolescence. (Reitz, Dekovic, & Meijer, 2005, ¶ 2). At the end of their
elective or emergency childbirth, a choice between general and local anesthesia is often called for. Cognizing the surroundings helps the birthing process. Therefore, a local anesthetic administered via an intrathecal spinal injection or through a catheter in the epidural space will prove an advantage. Ratcliffe and Evans at John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, England attempted tested this advantage on more than 90 elective Cesarean parturients. (Ratcliffe & Evans, 1993)
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