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Urban Planning Development and Theories
Urban planning theories have been used for centuries in the U.S. to help cities develop and grow. Two prominent theories that have been used are the Garden City Movement and the New Urbanism.
The Garden City Movement was first proposed by Ebenezer Howard in 1898 (Pandey, 2022). The movement focuses on providing a sustainable, safe, and aesthetically pleasing urban environment. It proposes building cities in a rural setting, with a population of 30,000 to 50,000, which are surrounded by greenbelts. The city is divided into districts, with each district having its own set of public services, while all being connected to a central core. The private land within each district is devoted to industrial and residential use, with parks and gardens added in between.
New Urbanism is a more recent movement compared to the Garden City Movement, which began in the 1980s (Askarizad et al., 2021). It focuses on creating vibrant and livable communities by incorporating well-designed streets, blocks, and buildings, in addition to public spaces. The movement emphasizes walkability, mixed-use development, and transit-oriented development. It also includes principles such as preserving natural features, creating a sense of place, and promoting economic development.
An example of the Garden City Movement being applied in the U.S. is Radburn, New Jersey (Henderson et al., 2019). The city was designed in 1929 by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, who were heavily inspired by the Garden City Movement. The city was designed with a unique layout that focused on creating efficient transportation systems and providing green space. It also included a strict zoning system to ensure that industrial and residential areas were separated.
An example of the New Urbanism being applied in the U.S. is Seaside, Florida (Mehaffy & Haas, 2020). The city was designed in the early 1980s by architect Andres Duany and planner Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. The city was designed to...…that are efficient, sustainable, and equitable. They can also strive to create places that bring people together, foster a sense of community, and provide opportunities for spiritual growth. In this way, urban planners can ensure that cities are designed and planned according to God's will. Urban planners can also look to the Bible for guidance when it comes to designing and planning cities. For example, in Micah 6:8, it states, What does the Lord require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God? This should encourage urban planners to design cities that are just and equitable for all citizens, regardless of their socio-economic status. Additionally, Proverbs 11:10 states, When the righteous thrive, the city rejoices. This verse emphasizes the importance of creating communities that foster a sense of belonging and connection. Through the application of scripture, urban planners can ensure that cities are designed not only for efficiency and sustainability,…
References
Askarizad, R., Dadashpour, A., Faghirnavaz, J., He, J., & Safari, H. (2021). Organizing worn-out neighborhoods with the new-urbanism approach using mixed methods in Rudsar, northern Iran. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment.
Henderson, K., Lock, K., & Ellis, H. (2019). The Art of Building a Garden City: Designing New Communities for the 21st Century. Routledge.
Mehaffy, M. W., & Haas, T. (2020). New Urbanism in the New Urban Agenda: Threads of an unfinished reformation. Urban Planning, 5(4), 441-452.
2010). The entire Southern Hemisphere of the world is also generally far less developed than the Northern Hemisphere, which contains Europe and North America, though there are some notable exceptions to this gross generalization (Watson 2009). In addition to the ecological and logistical problems that face urban planning and development projects the world over, there are some unique issues in the developing world that need to be taken into account.
Case Study: Historical Context of American Urban PlanningIntroductionThe American urban planning movement grew out of 19th century desire of aristocrats to improve their surroundings (Stormann, 1991). One of the earliest movements was the \\\"City Beautiful\\\" movement of the 1890s, which sought to design cities with aesthetically pleasing spaces and promote civic pride. This movement peaked in the early 20th century and left a legacy of urban parks and public monuments
economy is in a state of recovery from the great recession. One of the key implications of this economic recovery for urban planning encompasses the decline in unemployment rate. Between 2010 and 2016, the unemployment rate has significantly declined from about 10% to the prevailing rate of 4.9% (Bureau of Labor Statistics). However, it is imperative to note that a great deal of employment opportunities are in major cities
Urban Planning & Urban Planners Urban planning, or also referred to as urban development, consists of the formal planning process in which urban area designed to meet both the present and future challenges that are present in city life. They consider the relationship between the built environment and human behaviors or quality of life (Handy, Boarnet, Ewing, & Killingsworth, 2002). An urban planner, sometimes called a city planner, can assist community
Urban Planning and Historic Preservation of Landmarks In recent years, the preservation of history has continued to develop and some say has matured. Historical preservation now assumes a real part in how property development takes place in communities throughout the country. The National Historic Preservation Act and other preservation statutes have a strong impact not only on how the government deals with its own undertakings, but also on how elected officers
The only major change that has occurred is the fact that there are so many more people now, urban planning is all the more important (Jackson, 1985, p. 76). Getting in our time machine and hurtling towards the present, urban planning in the United States began to gain momentum in the middle of the last century as the great housing boom that followed the Second World War began to eat