Humanitarian Assistance in Joint Publication

Humanitarian Assistance

In Joint Publication 3-29, the Joint Chiefs of Staff lays out the doctrine for U.S. military support of foreign humanitarian assistance (FHA) missions short of war. These capabilities will be deployed in smaller scale contingency (SSC)/MOOTW scenarios, but less than theater of war (MTW) scenarios. In chapter II, organization and interagency cooperation and DOD involvement. This chapter lays out the C2 for the mission ("Joint publication 3-29," 2001, II-1).

One might want to review the 1962 Operation IDA launched in the wake of a series of earthquakes struck northwestern in Iran. This is strikingly similar to our Vignette scenario in the course. The JCS directed United States Army, Europe, to send aid to the victims. Elements of the 8th Evacuation Hospital deployed from Ramstein Air Force Base. Also deployed were 421st Medical Company (Air Ambulance), a field maintenance detachment from the 29th Transportation Company, a preventive medicine detachment from the 485th Laboratory (Preventive Medicine), and a water purification unit from the 299th Engineer Battalion. (ibid., II-14-15) a full matrix might be as follows:

Component-Function

Governing Organization

Evacuation Hospital

USA/USMC

Field Maintenance Detachment

USA/USMC

Medical Company (Air Ambulance),

USA/USMC

Laboratory (Preventive Medicine),

USA/USMC

Water Purification Unit and Engineer Battalion

USA/USMC

Air Transport Wing

USAF

Red Cross/Crescent

NGO

USAID

GO

Interagency Coordination

JTF

United Nations

World Food

Program

U.N. Agencies

Civil Affairs

U.S. Army

(ibid.).

In this section, the author will deal with the services to be provided under Title 10 USAREUR which provides for support to Joint Force Commanders. Under this regulation, the components provide logistical support. personnel and training for combatant commanders (CCDR). In the operational environment, service components are usually employed as functionally organized components (JFACC, JFLCC, etc.). This assessment asks you to identify those capabilities that the Services offer prior to their organization into functional components. This would include an evacuation hospital, a field maintenance detachment, a medical company (air ambulance), a laboratory unit (preventative medicine), a water purification unit and engineer battalion and a an air transport wing.

C300 Service/Interagency/Multinational Capabilities Matrix

Phase II Relief

Army

Asset

Provides

Strengths/Limitations

Objectives

LCU* Capability, Assist port-opening operations for the flow of relief into Haiti; graves registration, general life sustaining supplies (CL I, III, IV, VIII, and X).

Sustainment Brigade

Heavy list and air cargo; air evac

Aviation Brigade

Provide initial C2, HA, disaster assistance and security/force protection

Airborne Infantry Brigade

Police/security forces and military working dogs to assist with force protection, traffic control points.

S: Specialized police force and dog handlers; quickly deployed

MP Brigade

Triage, specialized medical staff and doctors; surgical capabilities; vet capabilities

Medical Brigade

Mobile JNN* integrated hub network capabilities and reach back services; VTC, red switch, voice and data; generators and vehicles.

Signal Brigade

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Heavy construction; specialized workforce and equipment

Engineer Brigade

Disseminate civil action messages with PA system units; crowd control; sign and leaflet production.

MISO

Coordinate with local leaders and civilians to establish critical life support and services; city planning/damage assessments of infrastructure.

Civil Affairs

Aerial recon of severally damaged areas.

UAV

Provides detailed images of affected areas; can use various sensors to detect environmental and IR compounds and elements.

Imagery/ISR

Navy

Asset

Provides

Strengths/Limitations

Objectives

A tailorable mix of surface and aviation assets

Carrier Strike Group

Amphibious assault ships with helo lift capabilities

Amphibious Ready Group/Expeditionary Strike Group

Surface warships

Surface Strike Group

P-3

Patrol Squadron

Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force; Special Mission; Prepositioning; Sea Lift

Military Sea Lift Command

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Air Force

Asset

Provides

Strengths/Limitations

Objectives

Fast deployment of troops, equipment, and supplies; supports personnel evac

Rapid Mobility & Aero-Medial Evacuation

Provides rapid SAR capabilities.

Personnel Recovery

Check point and airfield entrance security; air traffic control functions; airfield logistics and aircraft maintenance; C2 packages; temporary airfield repair.

Combat Support/Security Forces

Provides contracting support and liaison functions with civil and international companies; rapid deployment and establishment of critical services in coordination with civilian companies.

Contracting Support

Combat Controllers

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Marines

Asset

Provides

Strengths/Limitations

Objectives

Various air, ground, logistics, and C2 capabilities; NEO, Security operations, Civic Actions operations,

MEF

Crisis action response force; NEO, Security operations, Civic Actions operations.

MEB

Crisis action response force; NEO, Security operations, Civic Actions operations.

MEU

SOF

Asset

Provides

Strengths/Limitations

Objectives

Establish contact and provide security for Haiti and U.S. government officials; Advise Haiti military and security forces; facilitate personnel evac.

Special Forces

Space

Asset

Provides

Strengths/Limitations

Objectives

GPS

Aids in navigation, timing and synchronization of several C2 systems.

1st Space Brigade

SME Section:

B. Phase II (Relief): After the earthquake in Haiti, USAID is will provide 14,550 tons of food in order to help feed 1.2 million people for two weeks and valued at $18 million. The U.S. Military acted to assist for two weeks in order to alleviate the near-term human suffering in support of USAID/OFDA efforts. Phase II will end when the short-term humanitarian needs have been met for water, food, shelter, etc. And the effort shifts to long-term relief by international NGOs and the UN. To restore major infrastructure damaged in the quake. In order to expedite and supplement the delivery of food aid will come from the Title II prepositioned stocks in Jascinto, Texas, more will be brought in under Title 10 from USAREUR stocks. This will include 7,000 tons of white rice, 4,550 tons of soy blend corn (CSB), and some 3,000 tons of vegetable oil. The food supplies will be distributed by the UN World Food Program and NGOs ("Usaid.gv").

Phase II Objectives:

a. Essential services are provided IAW the integrated USG response plan.

b. Human suffering severe injuries treated.

c. Population does not mass migrate.

d. Disaster relief efforts are not disrupted by civil violence and crime.

e. International community perceives U.S. exerting maximum efforts to save lives and provide emergency humanitarian assistance

Asset Projection to Haiti-

The naval assets such as carrier group and the amphibious ready group/expeditionary strike group bring a unique series of heavy lift aircraft along with cargo carrying ships. The combat aircraft and naval patrol ships will provide security against the depredations of pirates.

Additionally, the carrier group will employ valuable SAR, aerial recon and damage assessment and can provide air evacuation of civilians with its assets. Additionally, it can deploy ground forces in via air. The amphibious ready group/expeditionary strike group will provide quick arrival but limited support for the deployment of a substantial Marine force to Haiti and Sea-B engineer who can help in reconstruction of the island infrastructure immediately. The surface warships of the surface strike group will provide only limited support and will be available mainly in a pinch quickly due to the emergency and will provide surveillance and reconnaissance until the patrol squadron comes with its P-3s. The Military Sea Lift Command will provide quick response and will provide heavy lift capabilities to move the military forces in and humanitarian supplies. It will provide level 3 medical care from its hospital ships, provide potable water and provide for the rapid deployment of military. Medical support ships crewed by civilians such as the USNS Comfort (T-AH-20) will provide medical support for the Haitian humanitarian effort.

The air assets of the Air Force will be employed to provide global reach in scalable units, will provide various air and ground support assets and detailed recon capabilities with its full spectrum ISR. Additionally, the ISR will provide weather, terrain and environmental assessments critical too the success of the humanitarian efforts. The air assets will provide rapid mobility and also air medical evacuation for the fast deployment of troops, equipment and supplies and supports the evac of personnel. The Air Force's combat support/security forces will provide check point and airfield entrance security, air traffic control functions, airfield logistics and aircraft maintenance, C2 packages and temporary airfield repair missions.

Army ground forces will provide ground support to the humanitarian aid efforts with the sustainment brigade LCU capability. The 82nd Airborne division will provide quick labor in helping to unload and handle supplies and also site security. However, this is only limited. Such forces will also provide port-opening operations for the flow of the relief units and supplies into Haiti. They will provide the graves registration services also. Additionally, the airborne infantry brigade from the 82nd will provide the initial C2 and disaster assistance and security/force protection Its tents and shelters will provide quick protection for displaced civilians. The Army aviation brigade will provide heavy lift and air cargo capabilities as well as air evacuation. The aviation brigade can be quickly deployed with lift capabilities for the disaster area and air delivery in strategically remote locations.

Signal intelligence will be important in Operation Provide Comfort. The signal brigade comes complete with a mobile JNN integrated hub network capabilities and reach back services, VTC, red switch, voice and data units generators and vehicles. The signal intelligence can provide scalable units and packages that can be tailored to provide support for a JTF down to a company size element. They can provide a large data pipe that can support the DoD and re-establish U.S. And Haiti communications infrastructure in the damaged areas. The large numbers of generators can be used for other purposes if not needed to power comms equipment. Unfortunately, they require a large workforce to assist with humanitarian effort. The engineer brigade will provide heavy construction support. Including specialized workforce and equipment that can rapidly enhance and build up the temporary infrastructure to support military and locals. It can assess the structural integrity of buildings, bridges, road and power network. They have carpenters, electricians and equipment that can provide disaster relief to aid in personnel recovery and to restore local services.

The U.S. Army special forces will establish contact with and provide security for both Haiti and U.S. government officials. They will advise the Haitian military and security forces. They will also facilitate the evacuation of personnel in rapidly deployable and austere environments. SOF have highly specialized personnel with regional/cultural training and language skills. In terms of advantages, they only require a small logistics footprint and are capable of security and C2 without augmentation from outside. In terms of limitations, these small forces can support only small populations rather than the large scale relief effort. They will eventually need to rely upon the conventional forces for sustainment.