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Validity and Reliability
Types of Validity
According to Trochim (2007), there are six different types of construct validity. Construct validity pertains to the accurate reflection of the operationalization's construct within the conclusion. Of the six types, Trochim (2007) divides them up to translation validity -- which depends on the definition of the construct and the checks against it -- and criterion-related validity -- which applies one's theory of construct and examines the proper behavior of the operationalization. The two translation validity types are thus: face validity, which views an operationalization solely on its face value; and content validity, which juxtaposes operationalization with the content domain of the construct. The four criterion-related validity types are thus: predictive validity, which uses prediction to evaluate operationalization; concurrent validity, where operationalization is gauged in its being able to distinguish between two similar groups; convergent validity, a gauging of how similar an operationalization is to other operationalizations; and discriminant validity, a gauging of how dissimilar an operationalization is to other operationalizations.
To view these validity types through examples, one can find that the apprehension of a perpetrator in the criminal justice system (cops and robbers, to plainly speak). Through face validity, a cop merely observes suspicious conducts of individuals prowling around at night and acts upon the conclusion...
This can be further realized in content validity, where certain criteria can further validate the cop's reasons for continuing to watch and maybe follow the prowling individuals. Predictive validity would entail the cop's experience in such matters, and his or her prediction of how likely it is for the shady individuals to do wrong. In concurrent validity, the cop should be able to distinguish between this shady event as a minor theft or a large-scale robbery. Through convergent validity, the cop would find similarities within the typical characteristics of thieves and apply this connection to the group of individuals. Finally, through discriminant validity, the cop would find little similarities within the characteristics of thievery and another type of crime when it comes to the group of individuals.
Types of Reliability
In Trochim's (2007) text, reliability relies on the measurement of one's consistency in particular matters; when a result is the same after a repeated amount of observations, then a subject is reliable. There are four types of reliability measurements when it comes to research: inter-rater or inter-observer reliability, which measures the consistency of ratings through the use of observers or raters; test-retest reliability, which repeats the collecting of measurements at a different time in order to assess consistency; parallel-forms reliability, a method that assesses consistency…
Work Cited
Trochim, William M.K., and James P. Donnelly, (2007). Research Methods Knolwedge Base. Mason, OH: Thomson Custom Pub. Print.
Reliability and Validity Trochim (2007) examines validity and reliability in the context of arriving at measures for constructs that firstly measure what they purport to measure. Secondly, the measures do what they purport to do in a consistent manner so that the researcher can have confidence in the measurement and hence the research project is not compromised. The elements of validity and reliability are pivotal concerns to research. Research thrives in
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Presumably, the reliability of the responses between a monitored study and an unmonitored study could be validated by consistent reportage from the peer and the incumbent. This method was also used to control for the study's overall validity: the study would be a more valid measure of counterproductive work actions and their relationship to work stressors if an outside source validated the incumbent's responses. The study's authors still acknowledge a
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