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Epidemiology
The influence of certain factors on data analysis is always going to be a consideration (or at least should be) when studies are conducted, or projects undertaken. Researchers are considered to have bias under almost every circumstance, and as such should be reminded that the bias must be disclosed and considered when data is gathered and then analyzed. The validity of the data is also at stake; as one recent study determined "the validity of a (nonrandomized) observational study is often questioned because of unknown/unmeasured factors, which may have confounding and/or effect-modifying potential" (Wen-Chung, 2014, p. 1). So, determining the validity of the data is oftentimes seen as a way to measure the strength of the data overall. Therefore, of course conclusions of validity will be affected. Confounding takes place when the variables are not fully considered, so additional consideration...
When there is correlation between the external variables and the internal variables, then confounding takes place. The confounding leads to analysis that could be either under or over estimated. Either way affects the data analysis. As Wen-Chung says "Specifically, a perturbation is a variable that is readily available (or can be measured easily) and is potentially associated, though perhaps only very weakly, with unmeasured factors" (p. 2). Of course, perturbations are just as effective at affecting analysis as confounding.
Screening tests are quite effective in various medical forms, and especially in detecting colorectal cancer. A recent study determined that the most effective methods for screening for colorectal cancer would be through "annual fecal occult blood test (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy every 10 years, and/or double-contrast barium enema…
Works Cited
Validity of fecal occult blood test in the National Cancer Screening program, Korea, PLoS One, Vol. 8, Issue 11, pp. 1 -- 7
Wen-Chung, L.; (2014) Detecting and correcting the bias of unmeasured factors using perturbation analysis: a data-mining approach, BMC Medical Research Methodology, Vol. 14, Issue 1, pp. 1 -- 15
Diabetes and Pediatric and Dialysis The objective of this study is to analyze the incidence of diabetes among pediatric patients, with dialysis, by way of analysis of outcomes one year following diagnosis. Initiatives concerned with investigating pediatric diabetes have previously been associated with varying outcomes. What factors are linked with diabetes, pediatric patients, and dialysis with regards to Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) determinants? This forms the groundwork of the paper. Protection of Human Participants
transforms correlations among a set of observed variables into smaller number of factors, containing essential information about the linear inter-relationships among the original test scores (Kriegel, Kroger, Sander, & Zimek, 2011). Factor analysis is used in behavioral sciences, social sciences, and other applied sciences dealing with large quantities of data. In addition, factor analysis is subdivided into two major groups; exploratory and confirmatory. Cluster analysis on the other hand
Cluster Analysis By using two different data sets, this paper aims at improving two analyses conducted relating to leadership effectiveness and community policing studies. In addition, in the paper, reliability tests and factor analyses on some of the six scales of importance used in the Community Policing study are looked at in-depth. Besides, the analysis conducted by Dr. Eveland is re-evaluated in this paper. Leadership Effectiveness From the report conducted by Dr.
Childhood Obesity and Interventions There is a strong relationship between childhood obesity and exposure to environmental factors -- most notably socio-economic status. There are exposures that trigger both positive and negative outcomes, and these have to be discussed along with the possible interventions that can be undertaken. Low socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with a large number of problematic outcomes where health is concerned, including obesity and related issues
women's entrepreneurs: Evidence from an East African Economy (Ethiopia) It is an established fact that the Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) sectors can help large parts of the populace in underdeveloped economies like Ethiopia as the means for livelihood. African women are beleaguered with societal and cultural challenges and overall entrepreneurial attributes, and that is reflected in the lack of their entrepreneurship development. This study hence takes up the issues
Entrepreneurial Intentions: Factors Influencing Intentions Among Arab Students Factors Influencing Intentions among Arab Students: Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship can be defined as the process and mindset to initiate and develop economic activity. Studies have shown entrepreneurship to be a crucial driver of economic growth. This study sought to examine the factors that influence entrepreneurial attitudes among students in Arab countries. More specifically, it sought to examine the role of universities, role models, the entrepreneurial