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Victimology
The Depressed: According to the Maurer School of Law Protective Order Project (2012), "Children who witness the abuse of their mothers are at in increased risk for emotional and behavioral disturbances, such as withdrawal, low self-esteem," and other disturbances to the individual's self-perception vs. perception of the outside world. An example of how an indirect depressed victim might react would be for a child to stop going out with friends. A direct depressed victim might stop doing her favorite hobbies like swimming or playing music.
The Acquisitive: The acquisitive type seeks personal gain from the situation, albeit in dysfunctional ways. An indirect victim of abuse might, for example, internalize the violent behaviors of the father because he can see that his mother is submissive after the parents have a big fight. Knowing that the yelling and occasional hitting has worked in his father's favor, the child then starts bullying fellow children at school (Bogan, 2011)....
As the child acquires a degree of fear-based status, he has acquired what he wants: a degree of control and self-importance. A direct victim of abuse might be acquisitive in different ways. For example, a victim of sexual abuse might realize that her sexual power over men is so great that she can use it to get anything she wants. Therefore, she becomes promiscuous or uses sex for money.
The Wanton: This type of victim uses drugs and alcohol in response to the abuse, whether the abuse is indirect or direct. The wanton type might be similar for indirect and direct victims, and the use of the substance might even invite further problems. For example, an indirect victim of abuse might start drinking heavily to numb feelings. As a result, the person gets raped or mugged. A direct victim of abuse might do the same, as both types rely on the drug to initiate behavior they might not otherwise do without the drug (Bogan, 2011).
The Lonesome and Heartbroken: This victim type can be an…
References
Bogan, S. (2011). Von Hentig's Theory of Victimology and Domestic Violence Victims. Retrieved online: http://voices.yahoo.com/von-hentigs-theory-victimology-domestic-violence-9030427.html?cat=72
Maurer School of Law Protective Order Project (2012). About domestic violence. Retrieved online: http://www.law.indiana.edu/pop/domestic-violence.shtml
The history of criminology can be traced back to the 19th Century when theories regarding the origin of criminal behavior and traits were developed by Cesare Lombroso. On the contrary, victimology is a recent scientific discipline that started in Europe after the Second World War as a means of understanding the link between criminals and victims (Lee, n.d.). Focus Points: One of the major differences between victimology and criminology is their
Victimology is the branch of criminology dealing with victim characteristics, victim data, and patterns of victimization. The study of victimology is useful to criminologists for a variety of reasons. Victimology can help show which populations are at greater risk for which crimes, thereby allowing more effective public policies and anti-crime initiatives. Likewise, knowing which populations are at greater risk for which crimes can help law enforcement prevent crimes. Victimology can
" (Sherman and Strang, 2007) Findings include that restorative justice: (1) substantially reduced repeat offending for some offenders but not all; (2) Doubled (or more) the offense brought to justice as diversions from criminal justice; (3) reduced crime victims' post-traumatic stress symptoms and related costs; (4)provided both victims and offenders with more satisfaction with justice than criminal justice; (5) reduced desires of victim for violent revenge on offenders; (6) reduced
The Routine Activities Theory states that crime occurs because specific conditions all come together at the same time (Karmen, 2003). There needs to be an offender who is motivated and a target that is considered to be suitable by that offender. The only other thing needed is an absence of guardians (Karmen, 2003). That last requirement actually occurs quite often, because there are very few places where there is
If the victim had a blog or home page then we would of course use that to discover more about her lifestyle, personality, and choice of friends. If she had been a member of an online dating service or similar social networks, then we might discover numerous leads. The victim might have agreed to go on a date with a man she met online and that man might be
In that regard, optimal criminal justice functioning would be easier to achieve if law enforcement agents and prosecutors learned to better protect victims of crimes and other witnesses who cooperate with their investigations. Ultimately, this would increase the success of prosecutions by removing the greatest impediment to cooperation that frequently causes victims and other witnesses to decline assisting law enforcement investigations and prosecutions, especially in high-crime areas. Theme #3 -- Penal