Web conferencing technologies such as Skype and Webex allow people from any physical location to exchange ideas and work collaboratively. While the technology has been a boon to organizations and individuals, saving time and money while affording access that may not be available any other way, the use of technology raises important considerations. The technology is still relatively new, and not enough time has elapsed to enable users to successfully navigate policies, professional responsibilities, and legal, security, and privacy concerns.
As early as 2006, companies responded to a survey by Genesys Conferencing and indicated an increase of 40% in the use of web conferencing, citing increased efficiency and cost savings. It is reasonable to generalize the results of the survey to 2011 and find web conferencing is more popular than ever, particularly with the advent, since 2006, of smart phones with video capabilities, devices such as the iPad 2, and more software developers entering the arena with their technologies.
An important consideration in using web conferencing is the facility of all users with the required technology. One place where the technology gap can be evident is in academics. An increasing number of online programs are available for study; many of these use web conferencing as a component for class and/or group work. All group members must understand how a particular tool is used and be comfortable with using it. There can sometimes be a technology gap among students, often, although not always, across generational lines. Instructors must be sure that any gaps are addressed so all students have equal opportunities for success.
One use of web conferencing technology that is gaining popularity is for e-therapy. E-therapy refers to the process of "interacting with a therapist online in ongoing conversations over time when the client and counselor are in separate or remote locations and utilize electronic means to communicate with each other" (Manhal-Baugus, 2001, p. 551). In the decade since
Military personnel returning from Iraq and Afghanistan often have mental health concerns. There are not enough resources to treat everyone in a timely manner. The Veterans Administration (VA) has found that online counseling and specific mobile apps for PTSD help address the gap until clinical treatment is provided.
Online counseling and special PTSD apps for smart phones and tablet computers have been demonstrated as effective solutions, at least in part. ("Mobile apps." 2011, n.p.). Military officials stress that neither online counseling nor apps replace one-on-one treatment in a clinical care setting. However, they can be beneficial to sufferers and provide some intermediate relief until actual treatment can be provided.
There may be ethical problems with the use of web conferencing for therapy. Military officials acknowledge that it is an imperfect solution. There are questions with respect to decisions about who gets immediate face-to-face treatment and who must be relegated to intermediate care online. The use of e-therapy with sufferers of PTSD is too new to generate enough statistical information to assess its efficacy. It can be difficult for therapists to accurately assess clients' progress in all cases and perhaps even more difficult in a web conferencing situation. Clients may have difficulty feeling as comfortable in front of a camera as they might in a therapist's office.
As Manhal-Baugus points out, security is another major issue of concern with web conferencing. This is true with e-therapy but can be an issue in business as well. For example, a company may be in the process of developing a unique new product. Web conferencing could allow researchers, product development specialists, marketing experts and other members of the product team to work together virtually; it would be essential to guard against corporate espionage. Computer security consultants can assist companies by designing firewalls, encryption software, and the like to keep information confidential even as it travels through the ether.
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