Why Human Cloning Should Be Illegal

¶ … Human Cloning Should Be Illegal?

Human cloning definitely brings negative effects to our society on value of life, economics natural resources and a multitude of other factors. Therefore, government should not legalize human cloning.

The birth of a cloned sheep, known as Dolly has generated a great sensation around the world, ever since March 1997. Irrespective of the fact that it was not the first time that the experimentation for the use of cloning became effective, the cause behind sensations of the world by Dolly was the fact that she was the first clone from a cell of an adult mammal, something thought to be impossible earlier. This implied that the probability of cloning human beings was enhanced. We should ban human cloning since it has a probability to reduce the value of our life, is unethical, generate permanent variations in the Gene Pool, leading to a threat of Eugenics, disrespect for human diversity and has negative consequences for the society. (Human Cloning: An Argument Against)

Degrades the value of life

The proposal of application of cloning by the government for military purposes would be conceived as an absurd idea since it involves a lot of action and resources to the government to even initiate exploring the possibility of such ideas. Again by the application of human clones for military purposes involves degradation of life. (Cloning: Controversial Science) Human proliferation associates with coming together of one man and one woman, giving rise to the initiation of a new life considered as the result of that union. The common procreation irrespective of resulting in twins or singletons is considered to be an open-ended process that rests on the casual union of an egg and sperm cell. Each of the new born has a specialized configuration of genes that gives rise to an astounding range of human unevenness. The supporting reproductive technologies are without a doubt, upsets the human esteem. Cloning has no room for the respect to the system of human procreation, as it is completely artificial reproductive technology. (Human Cloning: Moral Arguments against Human Cloning) Cloning eliminates the scope of genetic disclosure and progress among the cloned humans, confining such future individuals to genetic structures that have been expressed earlier. (Cloning: The science of Controversy)

Permanent Variations in the Gene Pool:

The system of human cloning would inescapably entail the application of genetic technologies, particularly genetic manipulation of cloned embryos and this may give rise to permanent, heritable variations to the human gene pool. Some scientists make believe that they can forecast the genes without which humans would be better off. But there is no method to attain the requisite genetic knowledge to make such a prediction without investigational genetic manipulation that would have implications for following generations. (Cloning: The science of Controversy) A specific botheration is the probability that the genetic material applied from the adult will go on to age so that the genes in a newborn baby clone could be to illustrate about 30 years old or more on the very day of birth. Several trials at animal cloning could be generated disfigured monsters with grave abnormalities. So that would indicate generating cloned embryos, implanting them and destroying those that are viewed imperfect as they progress in the womb. However, certain abnormalities may not appear till after birth. (Human Cloning: An Argument Against) Such experiments are to be abandoned since both the errors and the probable successes of genetic management would be with humanity for all times to come. Irrespective of the fact that prospective applications of human genetic engineering may plead to some, the trial nature of the technique, and the permanence of the consequences would entail it a highly hazardous modernization. (Cloning: The science of Controversy)

Threat of Eugenics:

Cloning would permit for genetic exploitation that fixes the stage for enhanced efforts at eugenics. Eugenics is the effort to develop human initiatives, not by developing their economic, social and educational scopes, but by varying the genes with which they are originally born. Cloning would permit the scientists to start with an understandable human model and then develop it by varying some of the specific attributes. The people who are desirous of being cloned could have themselves cloned simply to be taller, blonder or smarter. The threat of eugenics is associated with the technologies that permit individuals to attempt to vary the innate attributes so as to accord priorities to the specific ones. It would be quite unfeasible to go aboard on human cloning without giving scope for eugenics. Above all cloning in animals by developing their inherent attributes is a planned form of animal eugenics. (Cloning: The science of Controversy)

Emotional Dangers

An argument that is commonly advanced against cloning is that it involves the risk of serious psychological damage to cloned offspring. If a cloned child be generated to become the replica of the genome of a parent or an admired character- Tiger Woods to illustrate- that the child would be compelled to reside his or her life under a cloud of imposed anticipations? Some question whether the parents of a cloned child would be capable of loving their child with a love that does not depend on the extent to which he or she quantifies up to some preconceived standard of excellence. About 30 years ago, philosopher Hans Jonas entailed such concern in more common terms when he detected what he believed to be a new human right. The ethical command here, he revealed, is never to infringe the right to that ignorance that is the circumstance of the possibility of an authentic act. In other words, Jonas revealed, respect the right of every human life to find its own way and be a surprise to it. The hypothesis of the Jonas is that prototyping a genome confines the freedom of child. (Human Reproductive Cloning)

Human Diversity:

Cloning would also disregard human diversity in ethnicity and capability. Irrespective of the fact that it is not feasible to generate exact prototypes of animals or people, cloning involves the inherent desire to do so. The process of cloning would essentially enhance the conformity, and eliminate genetic variety. A society that backed cloning as an agreeable procreative process would indicate that variety is not significant. Particularly, in a multicultural country such as United States, where diversity and difference are the inherent fact, and any process that declined the agreeability to the differences is considered hazardous. It is evident from the tensions that prevail in our society that we are required to be adopting the processes that enhance our appreciation for the diversity of individuals, nor functioning to eliminate the differences. (Cloning: The science of Controversy)

Unethical:

As a result of the ineffectiveness of animal cloning and the absence of awareness about reproductive cloning, many scientists and physicians firmly believe that it would be unethical to try at cloning the humans. This is not only due to the fact that most experiments of cloning mammals have been unsuccessful and about 30% of the clones born alive are influenced with large offspring syndrome and other devastating conditions. Plenty of the cloned animals have succumbed to death impulsively from infections and other complications. The same problems would be anticipated in human cloning. Additionally, scientists do not understand as to the way cloning could influence the mental development. While elements like intellect and mood may not be as significant for a cow or mouse they matter much for the development of healthy humans. With so many stranger associated with reproductive cloning, the attempt to clone humans at this moment is regarded prospectively hazardous and ethically negligent. (Human Genome Project Information)

Affects the economics:

Cloning would foster the commoditization of the humans. Irrespective of the fact that advanced societies mostly industrialized ones commoditize human labor and human lives, the biological commoditization associated with human cloning would be of extensively different order. Cloning would turn procreation into a manufacturing procedure, where human attributes become a supplemented option and children, objects of planned structure. This process of commoditization necessitates to be vigorously opposed. It generates no advantages and it undermines the fundamental basis of our accepted wisdom of human individuality and dignity. (Cloning: The science of Controversy)

Further many claim that cloning would initiate society on a 'slippery slope' toward trials to idealize the human race by regenerating genetically, 'superior' individuals -- such as people who are extremely brilliant and attractive - and stigmatizing people with genetically 'inferior' qualities. (Opposing Viewpoints Live Radio for Television: Overview and Background on Cloning) A significant consequence would be that when ability is genetically heritable and that cloning apt to enhance the proportion of high ability people in the society, the distribution of ability converge to a mass point at the highest possible ability level. Under weaker hypothesis, it is indicated that ability-reducing genes are gradually avoided. Cloning gives rise to a strongly segregated society with a tope ability caste and a bottom ability one which generates clones of the top ability one. (Economic Aspects of Human Cloning and Reprogenetics) There would be labor problems in consequence to this. (Cloning: The science of Controversy)

Scarcity or wasting natural resources:

An economic concern that is expected to be of great significance to human cloning is scarcity. The resources required for production process is very limited and considered scarce in comparison to its requirement. Since cloning necessitates a lot of new and advanced technology and people are required to be highly skilled and educated so as to complete the procedure, there will not be many who will be capable of offering this service. Irrespective of the fact that presently the majority of people are regarded to be in contrast to cloning, it is presumed that once cloning is something that can safely and definitely be done and is legal, there will be a great requirement for this. The demand combined with the scarcity of resources and service that will entail the cost of it to be significantly higher. On the basis of the costs of the present reproductive technologies, like in vitro fertilization, it is anticipated that the cost of clone will be $250,000. (Economic Analysis)

The government of United States has made it clear that they are not utilizing the resources of tax payer money on the research and performing of human cloning. In this respect the cloning will be a private affair and there will be very stringent competition among varied companies. They may need to compete to emerge with the technology to execute the services first so that they can patent it and make as much profit as possible. Further, as a result of the fact that newly emerging technology will involve requirement of highly trained people there will most likely be a small number of companies those thrive into the cloning business. The few companies which are engaged in cloning will entail to the competition. This may decline once more the availability of efficient and cheaper technology as more and more organizations will be capable of providing the service.

The application of government regulation that will be formulated upon cloning business has not yet been disclosed. Presently, the government of United States has exerted a ban on human cloning, and therefore, they have not yet dealt with the concern of regulation if the ban is ever withdrawn. A cause for the application of government regulation is to deter the scientists and researchers from performing things other than human cloning that is not legitimate. This may also be due to the fact of improper application of the technology and generating clones for reasons those are considered unethical and illegitimate in the public interest. Contrary to this if the industry is government controlled the research process will be paced down since all the proposals will have to be routed through the government for accordance of approval. (Economic Analysis)

Safety Concerns:

The most common argument against cloning depends upon safety concerns. President Clinton called upon the National Bioethics Advisory Commission or NBAC, after the media focused on Dolly, so as to evaluate the legal and ethical concerns of prospective cloning of a human. The NBAC heard the evidences and read opinions on the various complex concerns associated with human cloning, but at last the NBAC suggested for a moratorium on human cloning for three to five years in the United States on safety concerns. At this point in the process of experimenting with cloning, safety is considered to be a significant concern. The creation of Dolly necessitated at least 276 unsuccessful trials. None can understand why such trials failed and why one succeeded. Cloning entails different impediments in every species, such as embryo implantation, development, and gestation varies among different species. (Cloning: The science of Controversy)